The Project Gutenberg EBook of Poems, 1799, by Robert Southey #4 in our series by Robert Southey Copyright laws are changing all over the world. Be sure to check the copyright laws for your country before downloading or redistributing this or any other Project Gutenberg eBook. This header should be the first thing seen when viewing this Project Gutenberg file. Please do not remove it. Do not change or edit the header without written permission. Please read the "legal small print," and other information about the eBook and Project Gutenberg at the bottom of this file. Included is important information about your specific rights and restrictions in how the file may be used. You can also find out about how to make a donation to Project Gutenberg, and how to get involved. **Welcome To The World of Free Plain Vanilla Electronic Texts** **eBooks Readable By Both Humans and By Computers, Since 1971** *****These eBooks Were Prepared By Thousands of Volunteers!***** Title: Poems, 1799 Author: Robert Southey Release Date: August, 2005 [EBook #8639] [Yes, we are more than one year ahead of schedule] [This file was first posted on July 29, 2003] Edition: 10 Language: English Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1 *** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK POEMS, 1799 *** Produced by Jonathan Ingram, Clytie Siddall, Charles Franks and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team POEMS, by Robert Southey. The better, please; the worse, displease; I ask no more. SPENSER. THE SECOND VOLUME. CONTENTS. THE VISION of THE MAID of ORLEANS. Book 1 2 3 The Rose The Complaints of the Poor Metrical Letter BALLADS. The Cross Roads. The Sailor who had served in the Slave Trade Jaspar Lord William A Ballad shewing how an old woman rode double and who rode before her The Surgeon's Warning The Victory Henry the Hermit ENGLISH ECLOGUES. The Old Mansion House The Grandmother's Tale The Funeral The Sailor's Mother The Witch The Ruined Cottage The Vision of The Maid of Orleans. Divinity hath oftentimes descended Upon our slumbers, and the blessed troupes Have, in the calme and quiet of the soule, Conversed with us. SHIRLEY. 'The Grateful Servant' [Sidenote: The following Vision was originally printed as the ninth book of 'JOAN of ARC'. It is now adapted to the improved edition of that Poem.] THE VISION OF THE MAID OF ORLEANS. THE FIRST BOOK. Orleans was hush'd in sleep. Stretch'd on her couch The delegated Maiden lay: with toil Exhausted and sore anguish, soon she closed Her heavy eye-lids; not reposing then, For busy Phantasy, in other scenes Awakened. Whether that superior powers, By wise permission, prompt the midnight dream, Instructing so the passive [1] faculty; Or that the soul, escaped its fleshly clog, Flies free, and soars amid the invisible world, And all things 'are' that [2] 'seem'. Along a moor, Barren, and wide, and drear, and desolate, She roam'd a wanderer thro' the cheerless night. Far thro' the silence of the unbroken plain The bittern's boom was heard, hoarse, heavy, deep, It made most fitting music to the scene. Black clouds, driven fast before the stormy wind, Swept shadowing; thro' their broken folds the moon Struggled sometimes with transitory ray, And made the moving darkness visible. And now arrived beside a fenny lake She stands: amid its stagnate waters, hoarse The long sedge rustled to the gales of night. An age-worn bark receives the Maid, impell'd By powers unseen; then did the moon display Where thro' the crazy vessel's yawning side The muddy wave oozed in: a female guides, And spreads the sail before the wind, that moan'd As melancholy mournful to her ear, As ever by the dungeon'd wretch was heard Howling at evening round the embattled towers Of that hell-house [3] of France, ere yet sublime The almighty people from their tyrant's hand Dash'd down the iron rod. Intent the Maid Gazed on the pilot's form, and as she gazed Shiver'd, for wan her face was, and her eyes Hollow, and her sunk cheeks were furrowed deep, Channell'd by tears; a few grey locks hung down Beneath her hood: then thro' the Maiden's veins Chill crept the blood, for, as the night-breeze pass'd, Lifting her tattcr'd mantle, coil'd around She saw a serpent gnawing at her heart. The plumeless bat with short shrill note flits by, And the night-raven's scream came fitfully, Borne on the hollow blast. Eager the Maid Look'd to the shore, and now upon the bank Leaps, joyful to escape, yet trembling still In recollection. There, a mouldering pile Stretch'd its wide ruins, o'er the plain below Casting a gloomy shade, save where the moon Shone thro' its fretted windows: the dark Yew, Withering with age, branched there its naked roots, And there the melancholy Cypress rear'd Its head; the earth was heav'd with many a mound, And here and there a half-demolish'd tomb. And now, amid the ruin's darkest shade, The Virgin's eye beheld where pale blue flames Rose wavering, now just gleaming from the earth, And now in darkness drown'd. An aged man Sat near, seated on what in long-past days Had been some sculptur'd monument, now fallen And half-obscured by moss, and gathered heaps Of withered yew-leaves and earth-mouldering bones; And shining in the ray was seen the track Of slimy snail obscene. Composed his look, His eye was large and rayless, and fix'd full Upon the Maid; the blue flames on his face Stream'd a pale light; his face was of the hue Of death; his limbs were mantled in a shroud. Then with a deep heart-terrifying voice, Exclaim'd the Spectre, "Welcome to these realms, These regions of DESPAIR! O thou whose steps By GRIEF conducted to these sad abodes Have pierced; welcome, welcome to this gloom Eternal, to this everlasting night, Where never morning darts the enlivening ray, Where never shines the sun, but all is dark, Dark as the bosom of their gloomy King." So saying he arose, and by the hand The Virgin seized with such a death-cold touch As froze her very heart; and drawing on, Her, to the abbey's inner ruin, led Resistless. Thro' the broken roof the moon Glimmer'd a scatter'd ray; the ivy twined Round the dismantled column; imaged forms Of Saints and warlike Chiefs, moss-canker'd now And mutilate, lay strewn upon the ground, With crumbled fragments, crucifixes fallen, And rusted trophies; and amid the heap Some monument's defaced legend spake All human glory vain. The loud blast roar'd Amid the pile; and from the tower the owl Scream'd as the tempest shook her secret nest. He, silent, led her on, and often paus'd, And pointed, that her eye might contemplate At leisure the drear scene. He dragged her on Thro' a low iron door, down broken stairs; Then a cold horror thro' the Maiden's frame Crept, for she stood amid a vault, and saw, By the sepulchral lamp's dim glaring light, The fragments of the dead. "Look here!" he cried, "Damsel, look here! survey this house of Death; O soon to tenant it! soon to increase These trophies of mortality! for hence Is no return. Gaze here! behold this skull, These eyeless sockets, and these unflesh'd jaws, That with their ghastly grinning, seem to mock Thy perishable charms; for thus thy cheek Must moulder. Child of Grief! shrinks not thy soul, Viewing these horrors? trembles not thy heart At the dread thought, that here its life's-blood soon Now warm in life and feeling, mingle soon With the cold clod? a thought most horrible! So only dreadful, for reality Is none of suffering here; here all is peace; No nerve will throb to anguish in the grave. Dreadful it is to think of losing life; But having lost, knowledge of loss is not, Therefore no ill. Haste, Maiden, to repose; Probe deep the seat of life." So spake DESPAIR The vaulted roof echoed his hollow voice, And all again was silence. Quick her heart Panted. He drew a dagger from his breast, And cried again, "Haste Damsel to repose! One blow, and rest for ever!" On the Fiend Dark scowl'd the Virgin with indignant eye, And dash'd the dagger down. He next his heart Replaced the murderous steel, and drew the Maid Along the downward vault. The damp earth gave A dim sound as they pass'd: the tainted air Was cold, and heavy with unwholesome dews. "Behold!" the fiend exclaim'd, "how gradual here The fleshly burden of mortality Moulders to clay!" then fixing his broad eye Full on her face, he pointed where a corpse Lay livid; she beheld with loathing look, The spectacle abhorr'd by living man. "Look here!" DESPAIR pursued, "this loathsome mass Was once as lovely, and as full of life As, Damsel! thou art now. Those deep-sunk eyes Once beam'd the mild light of intelligence, And where thou seest the pamper'd flesh-worm trail, Once the white bosom heaved. She fondly thought That at the hallowed altar, soon the Priest Should bless her coming union, and the torch Its joyful lustre o'er the hall of joy, Cast on her nuptial evening: earth to earth That Priest consign'd her, and the funeral lamp Glares on her cold face; for her lover went By glory lur'd to war, and perish'd there; Nor she endur'd to live. Ha! fades thy cheek? Dost thou then, Maiden, tremble at the tale? Look here! behold the youthful paramour! The self-devoted hero!" Fearfully The Maid look'd down, and saw the well known face Of THEODORE! in thoughts unspeakable, Convulsed with horror, o'er her face she clasp'd Her cold damp hands: "Shrink not," the Phantom cried, "Gaze on! for ever gaze!" more firm he grasp'd Her quivering arm: "this lifeless mouldering clay, As well thou know'st, was warm with all the glow Of Youth and Love; this is the arm that cleaved Salisbury's proud crest, now motionless in death, Unable to protect the ravaged frame From the foul Offspring of Mortality That feed on heroes. Tho' long years were thine, Yet never more would life reanimate This murdered man; murdered by thee! for thou Didst lead him to the battle from his home, Else living there in peace to good old age: In thy defence he died: strike deep! destroy Remorse with Life." The Maid stood motionless, And, wistless what she did, with trembling hand Received the dagger. Starting then, she cried, "Avaunt DESPAIR! Eternal Wisdom deals Or peace to man, or misery, for his good Alike design'd; and shall the Creature cry, Why hast thou done this? and with impious pride Destroy the life God gave?" The Fiend rejoin'd, "And thou dost deem it impious to destroy The life God gave? What, Maiden, is the lot Assigned to mortal man? born but to drag, Thro' life's long pilgrimage, the wearying load Of being; care corroded at the heart; Assail'd by all the numerous train of ills That flesh inherits; till at length worn out, This is his consummation!--think again! What, Maiden, canst thou hope from lengthen'd life But lengthen'd sorrow? If protracted long, Till on the bed of death thy feeble limbs Outstretch their languid length, oh think what thoughts, What agonizing woes, in that dread hour, Assail the sinking heart! slow beats the pulse, Dim grows the eye, and clammy drops bedew The shuddering frame; then in its mightiest force, Mightiest in impotence, the love of life Seizes the throbbing heart, the faltering lips Pour out the impious prayer, that fain would change The unchangeable's decree, surrounding friends Sob round the sufferer, wet his cheek with tears, And all he loved in life embitters death! Such, Maiden, are the pangs that wait the hour Of calmest dissolution! yet weak man Dares, in his timid piety, to live; And veiling Fear in Superstition's garb, He calls her Resignation! Coward wretch! Fond Coward! thus to make his Reason war Against his Reason! Insect as he is, This sport of Chance, this being of a day, Whose whole existence the next cloud may blast, Believes himself the care of heavenly powers, That God regards Man, miserable Man, And preaching thus of Power and Providence, Will crush the reptile that may cross his path! Fool that thou art! the Being that permits Existence, 'gives' to man the worthless boon: A goodly gift to those who, fortune-blest, Bask in the sunshine of Prosperity, And such do well to keep it. But to one Sick at the heart with misery, and sore With many a hard unmerited affliction, It is a hair that chains to wretchedness The slave who dares not burst it! Thinkest thou, The parent, if his child should unrecall'd Return and fall upon his neck, and cry, Oh! the wide world is comfortless, and full Of vacant joys and heart-consuming cares, I can be only happy in my home With thee--my friend!--my father! Thinkest thou, That he would thrust him as an outcast forth? Oh I he would clasp the truant to his heart, And love the trespass." Whilst he spake, his eye Dwelt on the Maiden's cheek, and read her soul Struggling within. In trembling doubt she stood, Even as the wretch, whose famish'd entrails crave Supply, before him sees the poison'd food In greedy horror. Yet not long the Maid Debated, "Cease thy dangerous sophistry, Eloquent tempter!" cried she. "Gloomy one! What tho' affliction be my portion here, Think'st thou I do not feel high thoughts of joy. Of heart-ennobling joy, when I look back Upon a life of duty well perform'd, Then lift mine eyes to Heaven, and there in faith Know my reward? I grant, were this life all, Was there no morning to the tomb's long night, If man did mingle with the senseless clod, Himself as senseless, then wert thou indeed A wise and friendly comforter! But, Fiend! There is a morning to the tomb's long night, A dawn of glory, a reward in Heaven, He shall not gain who never merited. If thou didst know the worth of one good deed In life's last hour, thou would'st not bid me lose The power to benefit; if I but save A drowning fly, I shall not live in vain. I have great duties, Fiend! me France expects, Her heaven-doom'd Champion." "Maiden, thou hast done Thy mission here," the unbaffled Fiend replied: "The foes are fled from Orleans: thou, perchance Exulting in the pride of victory, Forgettest him who perish'd! yet albeit Thy harden'd heart forget the gallant youth; That hour allotted canst thou not escape, That dreadful hour, when Contumely and Shame Shall sojourn in thy dungeon. Wretched Maid! Destined to drain the cup of bitterness, Even to its dregs! England's inhuman Chiefs Shall scoff thy sorrows, black thy spotless fame, Wit-wanton it with lewd barbarity, And force such burning blushes to the cheek Of Virgin modesty, that thou shalt wish The earth might cover thee! in that last hour, When thy bruis'd breast shall heave beneath the chains That link thee to the stake; when o'er thy form, Exposed unmantled, the brute multitude Shall gaze, and thou shalt hear the ribald taunt, More painful than the circling flames that scorch Each quivering member; wilt thou not in vain Then wish my friendly aid? then wish thine ear Had drank my words of comfort? that thy hand Had grasp'd the dagger, and in death preserved Insulted modesty?" Her glowing cheek Blush'd crimson; her wide eye on vacancy Was fix'd; her breath short panted. The cold Fiend, Grasping her hand, exclaim'd, "too-timid Maid, So long repugnant to the healing aid My friendship proffers, now shalt thou behold The allotted length of life." He stamp'd the earth, And dragging a huge coffin as his car, Two GOULS came on, of form more fearful-foul Than ever palsied in her wildest dream Hag-ridden Superstition. Then DESPAIR Seiz'd on the Maid whose curdling blood stood still. And placed her in the seat; and on they pass'd Adown the deep descent. A meteor light Shot from the Daemons, as they dragg'd along The unwelcome load, and mark'd their brethren glut On carcasses. Below the vault dilates Its ample bulk. "Look here!"--DESPAIR addrest The shuddering Virgin, "see the dome of DEATH!" It was a spacious cavern, hewn amid The entrails of the earth, as tho' to form The grave of all mankind: no eye could reach, Tho' gifted with the Eagle's ample ken, Its distant bounds. There, thron'd in darkness, dwelt The unseen POWER OF DEATH. Here stopt the GOULS, Reaching the destin'd spot. The Fiend leapt out, And from the coffin, as he led the Maid, Exclaim'd, "Where never yet stood mortal man, Thou standest: look around this boundless vault; Observe the dole that Nature deals to man, And learn to know thy friend." She not replied, Observing where the Fates their several tasks Plied ceaseless. "Mark how short the longest web Allowed to man! he cried; observe how soon, Twin'd round yon never-resting wheel, they change Their snowy hue, darkening thro' many a shade, Till Atropos relentless shuts the sheers!" Too true he spake, for of the countless threads, Drawn from the heap, as white as unsunn'd snow, Or as the lovely lilly of the vale, Was never one beyond the little span Of infancy untainted: few there were But lightly tinged; more of deep crimson hue, Or deeper sable [4] died. Two Genii stood, Still as the web of Being was drawn forth, Sprinkling their powerful drops. From ebon urn, The one unsparing dash'd the bitter wave Of woe; and as he dash'd, his dark-brown brow Relax'd to a hard smile. The milder form Shed less profusely there his lesser store; Sometimes with tears increasing the scant boon, Mourning the lot of man; and happy he Who on his thread those precious drops receives; If it be happiness to have the pulse Throb fast with pity, and in such a world Of wretchedness, the generous heart that aches With anguish at the sight of human woe. To her the Fiend, well hoping now success, "This is thy thread! observe how short the span, And see how copious yonder Genius pours The bitter stream of woe." The Maiden saw Fearless. "Now gaze!" the tempter Fiend exclaim'd, And placed again the poniard in her hand, For SUPERSTITION, with sulphureal torch Stalk'd to the loom. "This, Damsel, is thy fate! The hour draws on--now drench the dagger deep! Now rush to happier worlds!" The Maid replied, "Or to prevent or change the will of Heaven, Impious I strive not: be that will perform'd!" [Footnote 1: May fays of Serapis, Erudit at placide humanam per somnia mentem, Nocturnâque quiete docet; nulloque labore Hic tantum parta est pretiosa scientia, nullo Excutitur studio verum. Mortalia corda Tunc Deus iste docet, cum sunt minus apta doceri, Cum nullum obsequium præstant, meritisque fatentur Nil sese debere suis; tunc recta scientes Cum nil scire valent. Non illo tempore sensus Humanos forsan dignatur numen inire, Cum propriis possunt per se discursibus uti, Ne forte humanâ ratio divina coiret. 'Sup Lucani'.] [Footnote 2: I have met with a singular tale to illustrate this spiritual theory of dreams. Guntram, King of the Franks, was liberal to the poor, and he himself experienced the wonderful effects of divine liberality. For one day as he was hunting in a forest he was separated from his companions and arrived at a little stream of water with only one comrade of tried and approved fidelity. Here he found himself opprest by drowsiness, and reclining his head upon the servant's lap went to sleep. The servant witnessed a wonderful thing, for he saw a little beast ('bestiolam') creep out of the mouth of his sleeping master, and go immediately to the streamlet, which it vainly attempted to cross. The servant drew his sword and laid it across the water, over which the little beast easily past and crept into a hole of a mountain on the opposite side; from whence it made its appearance again in an hour, and returned by the same means into the King's mouth. The King then awakened, and told his companion that he had dreamt that he was arrived upon the bank of an immense river, which he had crossed by a bridge of iron, and from thence came to a mountain in which a great quantity of gold was concealed. When the King had concluded, the servant related what he had beheld, and they both went to examine the mountain, where upon digging they discovered an immense weight of gold. I stumbled upon this tale in a book entitled SPHINX 'Theologico-Philosophica. Authore Johanne Heidfeldio, Ecclesiaste Ebersbachiano.' 1621. The same story is in Matthew of Westminster; it is added that Guntram applied the treasures thus found to pious uses. For the truth of this theory there is the evidence of a Monkish miracle. When Thurcillus was about to follow St. Julian and visit the world of souls, his guide said to him, "let thy body rest in the bed for thy spirit only is about to depart with me; and lest the body should appear dead, I will send into it a vital breath." The body however by a strange sympathy was affected like the spirit; for when the foul and fetid smoke that arose from tithes witheld, had nearly suffocated Thurcillus, and made him cough twice, those who were near his body said that it coughed twice about the same time. 'Matthew Paris'.] [Footnote 3: The Bastille. The expression is in one of Fuller's works, an Author from whose quaintness and ingenuity I have always found amusement, and sometimes assistance.] [Footnote 4: These lines strongly resemble a passage in the Pharonnida of William Chamberlayne, a Poet who has told an interesting story in uncouth rhymes, and mingled sublimity of thought and beauty of expression, with the quaintest conceits, and most awkward inversions. On a rock more high Than Nature's common surface, she beholds The Mansion house of Fate, which thus unfolds Its sacred mysteries. A trine within A quadrate placed, both these encompast in A perfect circle was its form; but what Its matter was, for us to wonder at, Is undiscovered left. A Tower there stands At every angle, where Time's fatal hands The impartial PARCÆ dwell; i' the first she sees CLOTHO the kindest of the Destinies, From immaterial essences to cull The seeds of life, and of them frame the wool For LACHESIS to spin; about her flie Myriads of souls, that yet want flesh to lie Warm'd with their functions in, whose strength bestows That power by which man ripe for misery grows. Her next of objects was that glorious tower Where that swift-fingered Nymph that spares no hour From mortals' service, draws the various threads Of life in several lengths; to weary beds Of age extending some, whilst others in Their infancy are broke: 'some blackt in sin, Others, the favorites of Heaven, from whence Their origin, candid with innocence; Some purpled in afflictions, others dyed In sanguine pleasures': some in glittering pride Spun to adorn the earth, whilst others wear Rags of deformity, but knots of care No thread was wholly free from. Next to this Fair glorious tower, was placed that black abyss Of dreadful ATROPOS, the baleful seat Of death and horrour, in each room repleat With lazy damps, loud groans, and the sad sight Of pale grim Ghosts, those terrours of the night. To this, the last stage that the winding clew Of Life can lead mortality unto, FEAR was the dreadful Porter, which let in All guests sent thither by destructive sin. It is possible that I may have written from the recollection of this passage. The conceit is the same, and I willingly attribute it to Chamberlayne, a Poet to whom I am indebted for many hours of delight, and whom I one day hope to rescue from undeserved oblivion.] THE VISION of THE MAID OF ORLEANS. THE SECOND BOOK. She spake, and lo! celestial radiance beam'd Amid the air, such odors wafting now As erst came blended with the evening gale, From Eden's bowers of bliss. An angel form Stood by the Maid; his wings, etherial white, Flash'd like the diamond in the noon-tide sun, Dazzling her mortal eye: all else appear'd Her THEODORE. Amazed she saw: the Fiend Was fled, and on her ear the well-known voice Sounded, tho' now more musically sweet Than ever yet had thrill'd her charmed soul, When eloquent Affection fondly told The day-dreams of delight. "Beloved Maid! Lo! I am with thee! still thy Theodore! Hearts in the holy bands of Love combin'd, Death has no power to sever. Thou art mine! A little while and thou shalt dwell with me In scenes where Sorrow is not. Cheerily Tread thou the path that leads thee to the grave, Rough tho' it be and painful, for the grave Is but the threshold of Eternity. Favour'd of Heaven! to thee is given to view These secret realms. The bottom of the abyss Thou treadest, Maiden! Here the dungeons are Where bad men learn repentance; souls diseased Must have their remedy; and where disease Is rooted deep, the remedy is long Perforce, and painful." Thus the Spirit spake, And led the Maid along a narrow path, Dark gleaming to the light of far-off flames, More dread than darkness. Soon the distant sound Of clanking anvils, and the lengthened breath Provoking fire are heard: and now they reach A wide expanded den where all around Tremendous furnaces, with hellish blaze, Flamed dreadful. At the heaving bellows stood The meagre form of Care, and as he blew To augment the fire, the fire augmented scorch'd His wretched limbs: sleepless for ever thus He toil'd and toil'd, of toil to reap no end But endless toil and never-ending woe. An aged man went round the infernal vault, Urging his workmen to their ceaseless task: White were his locks, as is the wintry snow On hoar Plinlimmon's head. A golden staff His steps supported; powerful talisman, Which whoso feels shall never feel again The tear of Pity, or the throb of Love. Touch'd but by this, the massy gates give way, The buttress trembles, and the guarded wall, Guarded in vain, submits. Him heathens erst Had deified, and bowed the suppliant knee To Plutus. Nor are now his votaries few, Tho' he the Blessed Teacher of mankind Hath said, that easier thro' the needle's eye Shall the huge camel [1] pass, than the rich man Enter the gates of heaven. "Ye cannot serve Your God, and worship Mammon." "Missioned Maid!" So spake the Angel, "know that these, whose hands Round each white furnace ply the unceasing toil, Were Mammon's slaves on earth. They did not spare To wring from Poverty the hard-earn'd mite, They robb'd the orphan's pittance, they could see Want's asking eye unmoved; and therefore these, Ranged round the furnace, still must persevere In Mammon's service; scorched by these fierce fires, And frequent deluged by the o'erboiling ore: Yet still so framed, that oft to quench their thirst Unquenchable, large draughts of molten [2] gold They drink insatiate, still with pain renewed, Pain to destroy." So saying, her he led Forth from the dreadful cavern to a cell, Brilliant with gem-born light. The rugged walls Part gleam'd with gold, and part with silver ore A milder radiance shone. The Carbuncle There its strong lustre like the flamy sun Shot forth irradiate; from the earth beneath, And from the roof a diamond light emits; Rubies and amethysts their glows commix'd With the gay topaz, and the softer ray Shot from the sapphire, and the emerald's hue, And bright pyropus. There on golden seats, A numerous, sullen, melancholy train Sat silent. "Maiden, these," said Theodore, Are they who let the love of wealth absorb All other passions; in their souls that vice Struck deeply-rooted, like the poison-tree That with its shade spreads barrenness around. These, Maid! were men by no atrocious crime Blacken'd, no fraud, nor ruffian violence: Men of fair dealing, and respectable On earth, but such as only for themselves Heap'd up their treasures, deeming all their wealth Their own, and given to them, by partial Heaven, To bless them only: therefore here they sit, Possessed of gold enough, and by no pain Tormented, save the knowledge of the bliss They lost, and vain repentance. Here they dwell, Loathing these useless treasures, till the hour Of general restitution." Thence they past, And now arrived at such a gorgeous dome, As even the pomp of Eastern opulence Could never equal: wandered thro' its halls A numerous train; some with the red-swoln eye Of riot, and intemperance-bloated cheek; Some pale and nerveless, and with feeble step, And eyes lack-lustre. Maiden? said her guide, These are the wretched slaves of Appetite, Curst with their wish enjoyed. The epicure Here pampers his foul frame, till the pall'd sense Loaths at the banquet; the voluptuous here Plunge in the tempting torrent of delight, And sink in misery. All they wish'd on earth, Possessing here, whom have they to accuse, But their own folly, for the lot they chose? Yet, for that these injured themselves alone, They to the house of PENITENCE may hie, And, by a long and painful regimen, To wearied Nature her exhausted powers Restore, till they shall learn to form the wish Of wisdom, and ALMIGHTY GOODNESS grants That prize to him who seeks it." Whilst he spake, The board is spread. With bloated paunch, and eye Fat swoln, and legs whose monstrous size disgraced The human form divine, their caterer, Hight GLUTTONY, set forth the smoaking feast. And by his side came on a brother form, With fiery cheek of purple hue, and red And scurfy-white, mix'd motley; his gross bulk, Like some huge hogshead shapen'd, as applied. Him had antiquity with mystic rites Ador'd, to him the sons of Greece, and thine Imperial Rome, on many an altar pour'd The victim blood, with godlike titles graced, BACCHUS, or DIONUSUS; son of JOVE, Deem'd falsely, for from FOLLY'S ideot form He sprung, what time MADNESS, with furious hand, Seiz'd on the laughing female. At one birth She brought the brethren, menial here, above Reigning with sway supreme, and oft they hold High revels: mid the Monastery's gloom, The sacrifice is spread, when the grave voice Episcopal, proclaims approaching day Of visitation, or Churchwardens meet To save the wretched many from the gripe Of eager Poverty, or mid thy halls Of London, mighty Mayor! rich Aldermen, Of coming feast hold converse. Otherwhere, For tho' allied in nature as in blood, They hold divided sway, his brother lifts His spungy sceptre. In the noble domes Of Princes, and state-wearied Ministers, Maddening he reigns; and when the affrighted mind Casts o'er a long career of guilt and blood Its eye reluctant, then his aid is sought To lull the worm of Conscience to repose. He too the halls of country Squires frequents, But chiefly loves the learned gloom that shades Thy offspring Rhedycina! and thy walls, Granta! nightly libations there to him Profuse are pour'd, till from the dizzy brain Triangles, Circles, Parallelograms, Moods, Tenses, Dialects, and Demigods, And Logic and Theology are swept By the red deluge. Unmolested there He reigns; till comes at length the general feast, Septennial sacrifice; then when the sons Of England meet, with watchful care to chuse Their delegates, wise, independent men, Unbribing and unbrib'd, and cull'd to guard Their rights and charters from the encroaching grasp Of greedy Power: then all the joyful land Join in his sacrifices, so inspir'd To make the important choice. The observing Maid Address'd her guide, "These Theodore, thou sayest Are men, who pampering their foul appetites, Injured themselves alone. But where are they, The worst of villains, viper-like, who coil Around the guileless female, so to sting The heart that loves them?" "Them," the spirit replied, A long and dreadful punishment awaits. For when the prey of want and infamy, Lower and lower still the victim sinks, Even to the depth of shame, not one lewd word, One impious imprecation from her lips Escapes, nay not a thought of evil lurks In the polluted mind, that does not plead Before the throne of Justice, thunder-tongued Against the foul Seducer." Now they reach'd The house of PENITENCE. CREDULITY Stood at the gate, stretching her eager head As tho' to listen; on her vacant face, A smile that promis'd premature assent; Tho' her REGRET behind, a meagre Fiend, Disciplin'd sorely. Here they entered in, And now arrived where, as in study tranced, She sat, the Mistress of the Dome. Her face Spake that composed severity, that knows No angry impulse, no weak tenderness, Resolved and calm. Before her lay that Book That hath the words of Life; and as she read, Sometimes a tear would trickle down her cheek, Tho' heavenly joy beam'd in her eye the while. Leaving her undisturb'd, to the first ward Of this great Lazar-house, the Angel led The favour'd Maid of Orleans. Kneeling down On the hard stone that their bare knees had worn, In sackcloth robed, a numerous train appear'd: Hard-featured some, and some demurely grave; Yet such expression stealing from the eye, As tho', that only naked, all the rest Was one close fitting mask. A scoffing Fiend, For Fiend he was, tho' wisely serving here Mock'd at his patients, and did often pour Ashes upon them, and then bid them say Their prayers aloud, and then he louder laughed: For these were Hypocrites, on earth revered As holy ones, who did in public tell Their beads, and make long prayers, and cross themselves, And call themselves most miserable sinners, That so they might be deem'd most pious saints; And go all filth, and never let a smile Bend their stern muscles, gloomy, sullen men, Barren of all affection, and all this To please their God, forsooth! and therefore SCORN Grinn'd at his patients, making them repeat Their solemn farce, with keenest raillery Tormenting; but if earnest in their prayer, They pour'd the silent sorrows of the soul To Heaven, then did they not regard his mocks Which then came painless, and HUMILITY Soon rescued them, and led to PENITENCE, That She might lead to Heaven. From thence they came, Where, in the next ward, a most wretched band Groan'd underneath the bitter tyranny Of a fierce Daemon. His coarse hair was red, Pale grey his eyes, and blood-shot; and his face Wrinkled by such a smile as Malice wears In ecstacy. Well-pleased he went around, Plunging his dagger in the hearts of some, Or probing with a poison'd lance their breasts, Or placing coals of fire within their wounds; Or seizing some within his mighty grasp, He fix'd them on a stake, and then drew back, And laugh'd to see them writhe. "These," said the Spirit, Are taught by CRUELTY, to loath the lives They led themselves. Here are those wicked men Who loved to exercise their tyrant power On speechless brutes; bad husbands undergo A long purgation here; the traffickers In human flesh here too are disciplined. Till by their suffering they have equall'd all The miseries they inflicted, all the mass Of wretchedness caused by the wars they waged, The towns they burnt, for they who bribe to war Are guilty of the blood, the widows left In want, the slave or led to suicide, Or murdered by the foul infected air Of his close dungeon, or more sad than all, His virtue lost, his very soul enslaved, And driven by woe to wickedness. These next, Whom thou beholdest in this dreary room, So sullen, and with such an eye of hate Each on the other scowling, these have been False friends. Tormented by their own dark thoughts Here they dwell: in the hollow of their hearts There is a worm that feeds, and tho' thou seest That skilful leech who willingly would heal The ill they suffer, judging of all else By their own evil standard, they suspect The aid be vainly proffers, lengthening thus By vice its punishment." "But who are these," The Maid exclaim'd, "that robed in flowing lawn, And mitred, or in scarlet, and in caps Like Cardinals, I see in every ward, Performing menial service at the beck Of all who bid them?" Theodore replied, These men are they who in the name of CHRIST Did heap up wealth, and arrogating power, Did make men bow the knee, and call themselves Most Reverend Graces and Right Reverend Lords. They dwelt in palaces, in purple clothed, And in fine linen: therefore are they here; And tho' they would not minister on earth, Here penanced they perforce must minister: For he, the lowly man of Nazareth, Hath said, his kingdom is not of the world." So Saying on they past, and now arrived Where such a hideous ghastly groupe abode, That the Maid gazed with half-averting eye, And shudder'd: each one was a loathly corpse, The worm did banquet on his putrid prey, Yet had they life and feeling exquisite Tho' motionless and mute. "Most wretched men Are these, the angel cried. These, JOAN, are bards, Whose loose lascivious lays perpetuate Who sat them down, deliberately lewd, So to awake and pamper lust in minds Unborn; and therefore foul of body now As then they were of soul, they here abide Long as the evil works they left on earth Shall live to taint mankind. A dreadful doom! Yet amply merited by that bad man Who prostitutes the sacred gift of song!" And now they reached a huge and massy pile, Massy it seem'd, and yet in every blast As to its ruin shook. There, porter fit, REMORSE for ever his sad vigils kept. Pale, hollow-eyed, emaciate, sleepless wretch. Inly he groan'd, or, starting, wildly shriek'd, Aye as the fabric tottering from its base, Threatened its fall, and so expectant still Lived in the dread of danger still delayed. They enter'd there a large and lofty dome, O'er whose black marble sides a dim drear light Struggled with darkness from the unfrequent lamp. Enthroned around, the MURDERERS OF MANKIND, Monarchs, the great! the glorious! the august! Each bearing on his brow a crown of fire, Sat stern and silent. Nimrod he was there, First King the mighty hunter; and that Chief Who did belie his mother's fame, that so He might be called young Ammon. In this court Cæsar was crown'd, accurst liberticide; And he who murdered Tully, that cold villain, Octavius, tho' the courtly minion's lyre Hath hymn'd his praise, tho' Maro sung to him, And when Death levelled to original clay The royal carcase, FLATTERY, fawning low, Fell at his feet, and worshipped the new God. Titus [3] was here, the Conqueror of the Jews, He the Delight of human-kind misnamed; Cæsars and Soldans, Emperors and Kings, Here they were all, all who for glory fought, Here in the COURT OF GLORY, reaping now The meed they merited. As gazing round The Virgin mark'd the miserable train, A deep and hollow voice from one went forth; "Thou who art come to view our punishment, Maiden of Orleans! hither turn thine eyes, For I am he whose bloody victories Thy power hath rendered vain. Lo! I am here, The hero conqueror of Azincour, HENRY OF ENGLAND!--wretched that I am, I might have reigned in happiness and peace, My coffers full, my subjects undisturb'd, And PLENTY and PROSPERITY had loved To dwell amongst them: but mine eye beheld The realm of France, by faction tempest-torn, And therefore I did think that it would fall An easy prey. I persecuted those Who taught new doctrines, tho' they taught the truth: And when I heard of thousands by the sword Cut off, or blasted by the pestilence, I calmly counted up my proper gains, And sent new herds to slaughter. Temperate Myself, no blood that mutinied, no vice Tainting my private life, I sent abroad MURDER and RAPE; and therefore am I doom'd, Like these imperial Sufferers, crown'd with fire, Here to remain, till Man's awaken'd eye Shall see the genuine blackness of our deeds, And warn'd by them, till the whole human race, Equalling in bliss the aggregate we caus'd Of wretchedness, shall form ONE BROTHERHOOD, ONE UNIVERSAL FAMILY OF LOVE." [Footnote 1: In the former edition I had substituted 'cable' instead of 'camel'. The alteration would not be worth noticing were it not for the circumstance which occasioned it. 'Facilius elephas per foramen acus', is among the Hebrew adages collected by Drusius; the same metaphor is found in two other Jewish proverbs, and this appears to determine the signification of [Greek (transliterated): chamaelos]. Matt. 19. 24.] [Footnote 2: The same idea, and almost the same words are in an old play by John Ford. The passage is a very fine one: Ay, you are wretched, miserably wretched, Almost condemn'd alive! There is a place, (List daughter!) in a black and hollow vault, Where day is never seen; there shines no sun, But flaming horror of consuming fires; A lightless sulphur, choak'd with smoaky foggs Of an infected darkness. In this place Dwell many thousand thousand sundry sorts Of never-dying deaths; there damned souls Roar without pity, there are gluttons fed With toads and adders; there is burning oil Pour'd down the drunkard's throat, 'the usurer Is forced to sup whole draughts of molten gold'; There is the murderer for ever stabb'd, Yet can he never die; there lies the wanton On racks of burning steel, whilst in his soul He feels the torment of his raging lust. ''Tis Pity she's a Whore.' I wrote this passage when very young, and the idea, trite as it is, was new to me. It occurs I believe in most descriptions of hell, and perhaps owes its origin to the fate of Crassus. After this picture of horrors, the reader may perhaps be pleased with one more pleasantly fanciful: O call me home again dear Chief! and put me To yoking foxes, milking of he-goats, Pounding of water in a mortar, laving The sea dry with a nutshell, gathering all The leaves are fallen this autumn--making ropes of sand, Catching the winds together in a net, Mustering of ants, and numbering atoms, all That Hell and you thought exquisite torments, rather Than stay me here a thought more. I would sooner Keep fleas within a circle, and be accomptant A thousand year which of 'em, and how far Outleap'd the other, than endure a minute Such as I have within. B. JONSON. 'The Devil is an Ass.'] [Footnote 3: During the siege of Jerusalem, "the Roman commander, 'with a generous clemency, that inseparable attendant on true heroism, 'laboured incessantly, and to the very last moment, to preserve the place. With this view, he again and again intreated the tyrants to surrender and save their lives. With the same view also, after carrying the second wall the siege was intermitted four days: to rouse their fears, 'prisoners, to the number of five hundred, or more were crucified daily before the walls; till space', Josephus says, 'was wanting for the crosses, and crosses for the captives'." From the Hampton Lectures of RALPH CHURTON. If any of my readers should enquire why Titus Vespasian, the Delight of Mankind, is placed in such a situation,--I answer, for "HIS GENEROUS CLEMENCY, THAT INSEPARABLE ATTENDANT ON TRUE HEROISM!] THE VISION of THE MAID OF ORLEANS. THE THIRD BOOK. The Maiden, musing on the Warrior's words, Turn'd from the Hall of Glory. Now they reach'd A cavern, at whose mouth a Genius stood, In front a beardless youth, whose smiling eye Beam'd promise, but behind, withered and old, And all unlovely. Underneath his feet Lay records trampled, and the laurel wreath Now rent and faded: in his hand he held An hour-glass, and as fall the restless sands, So pass the lives of men. By him they past Along the darksome cave, and reach'd a stream, Still rolling onward its perpetual waves, Noiseless and undisturbed. Here they ascend A Bark unpiloted, that down the flood, Borne by the current, rush'd. The circling stream, Returning to itself, an island form'd; Nor had the Maiden's footsteps ever reach'd The insulated coast, eternally Rapt round the endless course; but Theodore Drove with an angel's will the obedient bark. They land, a mighty fabric meets their eyes, Seen by its gem-born light. Of adamant The pile was framed, for ever to abide Firm in eternal strength. Before the gate Stood eager EXPECTATION, as to list The half-heard murmurs issuing from within, Her mouth half-open'd, and her head stretch'd forth. On the other side there stood an aged Crone, Listening to every breath of air; she knew Vague suppositions and uncertain dreams, Of what was soon to come, for she would mark The paley glow-worm's self-created light, And argue thence of kingdoms overthrown, And desolated nations; ever fill'd With undetermin'd terror, as she heard Or distant screech-owl, or the regular beat Of evening death-watch. "Maid," the Spirit cried, Here, robed in shadows, dwells FUTURITY. There is no eye hath seen her secret form, For round the MOTHER OF TIME, unpierced mists Aye hover. Would'st thou read the book of Fate, Enter." The Damsel for a moment paus'd, Then to the Angel spake: "All-gracious Heaven! Benignant in withholding, hath denied To man that knowledge. I, in faith assured, That he, my heavenly Father, for the best Ordaineth all things, in that faith remain Contented." "Well and wisely hast thou said, So Theodore replied; "and now O Maid! Is there amid this boundless universe One whom thy soul would visit? is there place To memory dear, or visioned out by hope, Where thou would'st now be present? form the wish, And I am with thee, there." His closing speech Yet sounded on her ear, and lo! they stood Swift as the sudden thought that guided them, Within the little cottage that she loved. "He sleeps! the good man sleeps!" enrapt she cried, As bending o'er her Uncle's lowly bed Her eye retraced his features. "See the beads That never morn nor night he fails to tell, Remembering me, his child, in every prayer. Oh! quiet be thy sleep, thou dear old man! Good Angels guard thy rest! and when thine hour Is come, as gently mayest thou wake to life, As when thro' yonder lattice the next sun Shall bid thee to thy morning orisons! Thy voice is heard, the Angel guide rejoin'd, He sees thee in his dreams, he hears thee breathe Blessings, and pleasant is the good man's rest. Thy fame has reached him, for who has not heard Thy wonderous exploits? and his aged heart Hath felt the deepest joy that ever yet Made his glad blood flow fast. Sleep on old Claude! Peaceful, pure Spirit, be thy sojourn here, And short and soon thy passage to that world Where friends shall part no more! "Does thy soul own No other wish? or sleeps poor Madelon Forgotten in her grave? seest thou yon star," The Spirit pursued, regardless of her eye That look'd reproach; "seest thou that evening star Whose lovely light so often we beheld From yonder woodbine porch? how have we gazed Into the dark deep sky, till the baffled soul, Lost in the infinite, returned, and felt The burthen of her bodily load, and yearned For freedom! Maid, in yonder evening slar Lives thy departed friend. I read that glance, And we are there!" He said and they had past The immeasurable space. Then on her ear The lonely song of adoration rose, Sweet as the cloister'd virgins vesper hymn, Whose spirit, happily dead to earthly hopes Already lives in Heaven. Abrupt the song Ceas'd, tremulous and quick a cry Of joyful wonder rous'd the astonish'd Maid, And instant Madelon was in her arms; No airy form, no unsubstantial shape, She felt her friend, she prest her to her heart, Their tears of rapture mingled. She drew back And eagerly she gazed on Madelon, Then fell upon her neck again and wept. No more she saw the long-drawn lines of grief, The emaciate form, the hue of sickliness, The languid eye: youth's loveliest freshness now Mantled her cheek, whose every lineament Bespake the soul at rest, a holy calm, A deep and full tranquillity of bliss. "Thou then art come, my first and dearest friend!" The well known voice of Madelon began, "Thou then art come! and was thy pilgrimage So short on earth? and was it painful too, Painful and short as mine? but blessed they Who from the crimes and miseries of the world Early escape!" "Nay," Theodore replied, She hath not yet fulfill'd her mortal work. Permitted visitant from earth she comes To see the seat of rest, and oftentimes In sorrow shall her soul remember this, And patient of the transitory woe Partake the anticipated peace again." "Soon be that work perform'd!" the Maid exclaimed, "O Madelon! O Theodore! my soul, Spurning the cold communion of the world, Will dwell with you! but I shall patiently, Yea even with joy, endure the allotted ills Of which the memory in this better state Shall heighten bliss. That hour of agony, When, Madelon, I felt thy dying grasp, And from thy forehead wiped the dews of death, The very horrors of that hour assume A shape that now delights." "O earliest friend! I too remember," Madelon replied, "That hour, thy looks of watchful agony, The suppressed grief that struggled in thine eye Endearing love's last kindness. Thou didst know With what a deep and melancholy joy I felt the hour draw on: but who can speak The unutterable transport, when mine eyes, As from a long and dreary dream, unclosed Amid this peaceful vale, unclos'd on him, My Arnaud! he had built me up a bower, A bower of rest.--See, Maiden, where he comes, His manly lineaments, his beaming eye The same, but now a holier innocence Sits on his cheek, and loftier thoughts illume The enlighten'd glance." They met, what joy was theirs He best can feel, who for a dear friend dead Has wet the midnight pillow with his tears. Fair was the scene around; an ample vale Whose mountain circle at the distant verge Lay softened on the sight; the near ascent Rose bolder up, in part abrupt and bare, Part with the ancient majesty of woods Adorn'd, or lifting high its rocks sublime. The river's liquid radiance roll'd beneath, Beside the bower of Madelon it wound A broken stream, whose shallows, tho' the waves Roll'd on their way with rapid melody, A child might tread. Behind, an orange grove Its gay green foliage starr'd with golden fruit; But with what odours did their blossoms load The passing gale of eve! less thrilling sweet Rose from the marble's perforated floor, Where kneeling at her prayers, the Moorish queen Inhaled the cool delight, [1] and whilst she asked The Prophet for his promised paradise, Shaped from the present scene its utmost joys. A goodly scene! fair as that faery land Where Arthur lives, by ministering spirits borne From Camlan's bloody banks; or as the groves Of earliest Eden, where, so legends say, Enoch abides, and he who rapt away By fiery steeds, and chariotted in fire, Past in his mortal form the eternal ways; And John, beloved of Christ, enjoying there The beatific vision, sometimes seen The distant dawning of eternal day, Till all things be fulfilled. "Survey this scene!" So Theodore address'd the Maid of Arc, "There is no evil here, no wretchedness, It is the Heaven of those who nurst on earth Their nature's gentlest feelings. Yet not here Centering their joys, but with a patient hope, Waiting the allotted hour when capable Of loftier callings, to a better state They pass; and hither from that better state Frequent they come, preserving so those ties That thro' the infinite progressiveness Complete our perfect bliss. "Even such, so blest, Save that the memory of no sorrows past Heightened the present joy, our world was once, In the first æra of its innocence Ere man had learnt to bow the knee to man. Was there a youth whom warm affection fill'd, He spake his honest heart; the earliest fruits His toil produced, the sweetest flowers that deck'd The sunny bank, he gather'd for the maid, Nor she disdain'd the gift; for VICE not yet Had burst the dungeons of her hell, and rear'd Those artificial boundaries that divide Man from his species. State of blessedness! Till that ill-omen'd hour when Cain's stern son Delved in the bowels of the earth for gold, Accursed bane of virtue! of such force As poets feign dwelt in the Gorgon's locks, Which whoso saw, felt instant the life-blood Cold curdle in his veins, the creeping flesh Grew stiff with horror, and the heart forgot To beat. Accursed hour! for man no more To JUSTICE paid his homage, but forsook Her altars, and bow'd down before the shrine Of WEALTH and POWER, the Idols he had made. Then HELL enlarged herself, her gates flew wide, Her legion fiends rush'd forth. OPPRESSION came Whose frown is desolation, and whose breath Blasts like the Pestilence; and POVERTY, A meagre monster, who with withering touch Makes barren all the better part of man, MOTHER OF MISERIES. Then the goodly earth Which God had fram'd for happiness, became One theatre of woe, and all that God Had given to bless free men, these tyrant fiends His bitterest curses made. Yet for the best Hath he ordained all things, the ALL-WISE! For by experience rous'd shall man at length Dash down his Moloch-Idols, Samson-like And burst his fetters, only strong whilst strong Believed. Then in the bottomless abyss OPPRESSION shall be chain'd, and POVERTY Die, and with her, her brood of Miseries; And VIRTUE and EQUALITY preserve The reign of LOVE, and Earth shall once again Be Paradise, whilst WISDOM shall secure The state of bliss which IGNORANCE betrayed." "Oh age of happiness!" the Maid exclaim'd, Roll fast thy current, Time till that blest age Arrive! and happy thou my Theodore, Permitted thus to see the sacred depths Of wisdom!" "Such," the blessed Spirit replied, Beloved! such our lot; allowed to range The vast infinity, progressive still In knowledge and encreasing blessedness, This our united portion. Thou hast yet A little while to sojourn amongst men: I will be with thee! there shall not a breeze Wanton around thy temples, on whose wing I will not hover near! and at that hour When from its fleshly sepulchre let loose, Thy phoenix soul shall soar, O best-beloved! I will be with thee in thine agonies, And welcome thee to life and happiness, Eternal infinite beatitude!" He spake, and led her near a straw-roof'd cot, LOVE'S Palace. By the Virtues circled there, The cherub listen'd to such melodies, As aye, when one good deed is register'd Above, re-echo in the halls of Heaven. LABOUR was there, his crisp locks floating loose, Clear was his cheek, and beaming his full eye, And strong his arm robust; the wood-nymph HEALTH Still follow'd on his path, and where he trod Fresh flowers and fruits arose. And there was HOPE, The general friend; and PITY, whose mild eye Wept o'er the widowed dove; and, loveliest form, Majestic CHASTITY, whose sober smile Delights and awes the soul; a laurel wreath Restrain'd her tresses, and upon her breast The snow-drop [2] hung its head, that seem'd to grow Spontaneous, cold and fair: still by the maid LOVE went submiss, wilh eye more dangerous Than fancied basilisk to wound whoe'er Too bold approached; yet anxious would he read Her every rising wish, then only pleased When pleasing. Hymning him the song was rais'd. "Glory to thee whose vivifying power Pervades all Nature's universal frame! Glory to thee CREATOR LOVE! to thee, Parent of all the smiling CHARITIES, That strew the thorny path of Life with flowers! Glory to thee PRESERVER! to thy praise The awakened woodlands echo all the day Their living melody; and warbling forth To thee her twilight song, the Nightingale Holds the lone Traveller from his way, or charms The listening Poet's ear. Where LOVE shall deign To fix his seat, there blameless PLEASURE sheds Her roseate dews; CONTENT will sojourn there, And HAPPINESS behold AFFECTION'S eye Gleam with the Mother's smile. Thrice happy he Who feels thy holy power! he shall not drag, Forlorn and friendless, along Life's long path To Age's drear abode; he shall not waste The bitter evening of his days unsooth'd; But HOPE shall cheer his hours of Solitude, And VICE shall vainly strive to wound his breast, That bears that talisman; and when he meets The eloquent eye of TENDERNESS, and hears The bosom-thrilling music of her voice; The joy he feels shall purify his Soul, And imp it for anticipated Heaven." [Footnote 1: In the cabinet of the Alhambra where the Queen used to dress and say her prayers, and which is still an enchanting sight, there is a slab of marble full of small holes, through which perfumes exhaled that were kept constantly burning beneath. The doors and windows are disposed so as to afford the most agreeable prospects, and to throw a soft yet lively light upon the eyes. Fresh currents of air too are admitted, so as to renew every instant the delicious coolness of this apartment. (From the sketch of the History of the Spanish Moors, prefixed to Florian's Gonsalvo of Cordova).] [Footnote 2: "The grave matron does not perceive how time has impaired her charms, but decks her faded bosom with the same snow-drop that seems to grow on the breast of the Virgin." P.H.] The Rose. Betwene the Cytee and the Chirche of Bethlehem, is the felde Floridus, that is to seyne, the feld florisched. For als moche as a fayre Mayden was blamed with wrong and sclaundred, that sche hadde don fornicacioun, for whiche cause sche was demed to the dethe, and to be brent in that place, to the whiche sche was ladd. And as the fyre began to brenne about hire, she made hire preyeres to oure Lord, that als wissely as sche was not gylty of that synne, that he wold help hire, and make it to be knowen to alle men of his mercyfulle grace; and whanne she had thus seyd, sche entered into the fuyer, and anon was the fuyer quenched and oute, and the brondes that weren brennynge, becomen white Roseres, fulle of roses, and theise weren the first Roseres and roses, bothe white and rede, that evere ony man saughe. And thus was this Maiden saved be the Grace of God. 'The Voiage and Travaile of Sir John Maundevile'. THE ROSE. Nay EDITH! spare the rose!--it lives--it lives, It feels the noon-tide sun, and drinks refresh'd The dews of night; let not thy gentle hand Tear sunder its life-fibres and destroy The sense of being!--why that infidel smile? Come, I will bribe thee to be merciful, And thou shall have a tale of other times, For I am skill'd in legendary lore, So thou wilt let it live. There was a time Ere this, the freshest sweetest flower that blooms, Bedeck'd the bowers of earth. Thou hast not heard How first by miracle its fragrant leaves Spread to the sun their blushing loveliness. There dwelt at Bethlehem a Jewish maid And Zillah was her name, so passing fair That all Judea spake the damsel's praise. He who had seen her eyes' dark radiance How quick it spake the soul, and what a soul Beam'd in its mild effulgence, woe was he! For not in solitude, for not in crowds, Might he escape remembrance, or avoid Her imaged form that followed every where, And fill'd the heart, and fix'd the absent eye. Woe was he, for her bosom own'd no love Save the strong ardours of religious zeal, For Zillah on her God had centered all Her spirit's deep affections. So for her Her tribes-men sigh'd in vain, yet reverenced The obdurate virtue that destroyed their hopes. One man there was, a vain and wretched man, Who saw, desired, despair'd, and hated her. His sensual eye had gloated on her cheek Even till the flush of angry modesty Gave it new charms, and made him gloat the more. She loath'd the man, for Hamuel's eye was bold, And the strong workings of brute selfishness Had moulded his broad features; and she fear'd The bitterness of wounded vanity That with a fiendish hue would overcast His faint and lying smile. Nor vain her fear, For Hamuel vowed revenge and laid a plot Against her virgin fame. He spread abroad Whispers that travel fast, and ill reports That soon obtain belief; that Zillah's eye When in the temple heaven-ward it was rais'd Did swim with rapturous zeal, but there were those Who had beheld the enthusiast's melting glance With other feelings fill'd; that 'twas a task Of easy sort to play the saint by day Before the public eye, but that all eyes Were closed at night; that Zillah's life was foul, Yea forfeit to the law. Shame--shame to man That he should trust so easily the tongue That stabs another's fame! the ill report Was heard, repeated, and believed,--and soon, For Hamuel by most damned artifice Produced such semblances of guilt, the Maid Was judged to shameful death. Without the walls There was a barren field; a place abhorr'd, For it was there where wretched criminals Were done to die; and there they built the stake, And piled the fuel round, that should consume The accused Maid, abandon'd, as it seem'd, By God and man. The assembled Bethlemites Beheld the scene, and when they saw the Maid Bound to the stake, with what calm holiness She lifted up her patient looks to Heaven, They doubted of her guilt. With other thoughts Stood Hamuel near the pile, him savage joy Led thitherward, but now within his heart Unwonted feelings stirr'd, and the first pangs Of wakening guilt, anticipating Hell. The eye of Zillah as it glanced around Fell on the murderer once, but not in wrath; And therefore like a dagger it had fallen, Had struck into his soul a cureless wound. Conscience! thou God within us! not in the hour Of triumph, dost thou spare the guilty wretch, Not in the hour of infamy and death Forsake the virtuous! they draw near the stake-- And lo! the torch! hold hold your erring hands! Yet quench the rising flames!--they rise! they spread! They reach the suffering Maid! oh God protect The innocent one! They rose, they spread, they raged-- The breath of God went forth; the ascending fire Beneath its influence bent, and all its flames In one long lightning flash collecting fierce, Darted and blasted Hamuel--him alone. Hark--what a fearful scream the multitude Pour forth!--and yet more miracles! the stake Buds out, and spreads its light green leaves and bowers The innocent Maid, and roses bloom around, Now first beheld since Paradise was lost, And fill with Eden odours all the air. The COMPLAINTS of the POOR. And wherefore do the Poor complain? The rich man asked of me,-- Come walk abroad with me, I said And I will answer thee. Twas evening and the frozen streets Were cheerless to behold, And we were wrapt and coated well, And yet we were a-cold. We met an old bare-headed man, His locks were few and white, I ask'd him what he did abroad In that cold winter's night: 'Twas bitter keen indeed, he said, But at home no fire had he, And therefore, he had come abroad To ask for charity. We met a young bare-footed child, And she begg'd loud and bold, I ask'd her what she did abroad When the wind it blew so cold; She said her father was at home And he lay sick a-bed, And therefore was it she was sent Abroad to beg for bread. We saw a woman sitting down Upon a stone to rest, She had a baby at her back And another at her breast; I ask'd her why she loiter'd there When the wind it was so chill; She turn'd her head and bade the child That scream'd behind be still. She told us that her husband served A soldier, far away, And therefore to her parish she Was begging back her way. We met a girl; her dress was loose And sunken was her eye, Who with the wanton's hollow voice Address'd the passers by; I ask'd her what there was in guilt That could her heart allure To shame, disease, and late remorse? She answer'd, she was poor. I turn'd me to the rich man then For silently stood he, You ask'd me why the Poor complain, And these have answer'd thee. METRICAL LETTER, Written from London. Margaret! my Cousin!--nay, you must not smile; I love the homely and familiar phrase; And I will call thee Cousin Margaret, However quaint amid the measured line The good old term appears. Oh! it looks ill When delicate tongues disclaim old terms of kin, Sirring and Madaming as civilly As if the road between the heart and lips Were such a weary and Laplandish way That the poor travellers came to the red gates Half frozen. Trust me Cousin Margaret, For many a day my Memory has played The creditor with me on your account, And made me shame to think that I should owe So long the debt of kindness. But in truth, Like Christian on his pilgrimage, I bear So heavy a pack of business, that albeit I toil on mainly, in our twelve hours race Time leaves me distanced. Loath indeed were I That for a moment you should lay to me Unkind neglect; mine, Margaret, is a heart That smokes not, yet methinks there should be some Who know how warm it beats. I am not one Who can play off my smiles and courtesies To every Lady of her lap dog tired Who wants a play-thing; I am no sworn friend Of half-an-hour, as apt to leave as love; Mine are no mushroom feelings that spring up At once without a seed and take no root, Wiseliest distrusted. In a narrow sphere The little circle of domestic life I would be known and loved; the world beyond Is not for me. But Margaret, sure I think That you should know me well, for you and I Grew up together, and when we look back Upon old times our recollections paint The same familiar faces. Did I wield The wand of Merlin's magic I would make Brave witchcraft. We would have a faery ship, Aye, a new Ark, as in that other flood That cleansed the sons of Anak from the earth, The Sylphs should waft us to some goodly isle Like that where whilome old Apollidon Built up his blameless spell; and I would bid The Sea Nymphs pile around their coral bowers, That we might stand upon the beach, and mark The far-off breakers shower their silver spray, And hear the eternal roar whose pleasant sound Told us that never mariner should reach Our quiet coast. In such a blessed isle We might renew the days of infancy, And Life like a long childhood pass away, Without one care. It may be, Margaret, That I shall yet be gathered to my friends, For I am not of those who live estranged Of choice, till at the last they join their race In the family vault. If so, if I should lose, Like my old friend the Pilgrim, this huge pack So heavy on my shoulders, I and mine Will end our pilgrimage most pleasantly. If not, if I should never get beyond This Vanity town, there is another world Where friends will meet. And often, Margaret, I gaze at night into the boundless sky, And think that I shall there be born again, The exalted native of some better star; And like the rude American I hope To find in Heaven the things I loved on earth. The Cross Roads. The circumstance related in the following Ballad happened about forty years ago in a village adjacent to Bristol. A person who was present at the funeral, told me the story and the particulars of the interment, as I have versified them. THE CROSS ROADS. There was an old man breaking stones To mend the turnpike way, He sat him down beside a brook And out his bread and cheese he took, For now it was mid-day. He lent his back against a post, His feet the brook ran by; And there were water-cresses growing, And pleasant was the water's flowing For he was hot and dry. A soldier with his knapsack on Came travelling o'er the down, The sun was strong and he was tired, And of the old man he enquired How far to Bristol town. Half an hour's walk for a young man By lanes and fields and stiles. But you the foot-path do not know, And if along the road you go Why then 'tis three good miles. The soldier took his knapsack off For he was hot and dry; And out his bread and cheese he took And he sat down beside the brook To dine in company. Old friend! in faith, the soldier says I envy you almost; My shoulders have been sorely prest And I should like to sit and rest, My back against that post. In such a sweltering day as this A knapsack is the devil! And if on t'other side I sat It would not only spoil our chat But make me seem uncivil. The old man laugh'd and moved. I wish It were a great-arm'd chair! But this may help a man at need; And yet it was a cursed deed That ever brought it there. There's a poor girl lies buried here Beneath this very place. The earth upon her corpse is prest This stake is driven into her breast And a stone is on her face. The soldier had but just lent back And now he half rose up. There's sure no harm in dining here, My friend? and yet to be sincere I should not like to sup. God rest her! she is still enough Who sleeps beneath our feet! The old man cried. No harm I trow She ever did herself, tho' now She lies where four roads meet. I have past by about that hour When men are not most brave, It did not make my heart to fail, And I have heard the nightingale Sing sweetly on her grave. I have past by about that hour When Ghosts their freedom have, But there was nothing here to fright, And I have seen the glow-worm's light Shine on the poor girl's grave. There's one who like a Christian lies Beneath the church-tree's shade; I'd rather go a long mile round Than pass at evening thro' the ground Wherein that man is laid. There's one that in the church-yard lies For whom the bell did toll; He lies in consecrated ground, But for all the wealth in Bristol town I would not be with his soul! Did'st see a house below the hill That the winds and the rains destroy? 'Twas then a farm where he did dwell, And I remember it full well When I was a growing boy. And she was a poor parish girl That came up from the west, From service hard she ran away And at that house in evil day Was taken in to rest. The man he was a wicked man And an evil life he led; Rage made his cheek grow deadly white And his grey eyes were large and light, And in anger they grew red. The man was bad, the mother worse, Bad fruit of a bad stem, 'Twould make your hair to stand-on-end If I should tell to you my friend The things that were told of them! Did'st see an out-house standing by? The walls alone remain; It was a stable then, but now Its mossy roof has fallen through All rotted by the rain. The poor girl she had serv'd with them Some half-a-year, or more, When she was found hung up one day Stiff as a corpse and cold as clay Behind that stable door! It is a very lonesome place, No hut or house is near; Should one meet a murderer there alone 'Twere vain to scream, and the dying groan Would never reach mortal ear. And there were strange reports about That the coroner never guest. So he decreed that she should lie Where four roads meet in infamy, With a stake drove in her breast. Upon a board they carried her To the place where four roads met, And I was one among the throng That hither followed them along, I shall never the sight forget! They carried her upon a board In the cloaths in which she died; I saw the cap blow off her head, Her face was of a dark dark red Her eyes were starting wide: I think they could not have been closed So widely did they strain. I never saw so dreadful a sight, And it often made me wake at night, For I saw her face again. They laid her here where four roads meet. Beneath this very place, The earth upon her corpse was prest, This post is driven into her breast, And a stone is on her face. The Sailor, who had served in the Slave Trade. In September, 1798, a Dissenting Minister of Bristol, discovered a Sailor in the neighbourhood of that City, groaning and praying in a hovel. The circumstance that occasioned his agony of mind is detailed in the annexed Ballad, without the slightest addition or alteration. By presenting it as a Poem the story is made more public, and such stories ought to be made as public as possible. THE SAILOR, WHO HAD SERVED IN THE SLAVE-TRADE. He stopt,--it surely was a groan That from the hovel came! He stopt and listened anxiously Again it sounds the same. It surely from the hovel comes! And now he hastens there, And thence he hears the name of Christ Amidst a broken prayer. He entered in the hovel now, A sailor there he sees, His hands were lifted up to Heaven And he was on his knees. Nor did the Sailor so intent His entering footsteps heed, But now the Lord's prayer said, and now His half-forgotten creed. And often on his Saviour call'd With many a bitter groan, In such heart-anguish as could spring From deepest guilt alone. He ask'd the miserable man Why he was kneeling there, And what the crime had been that caus'd The anguish of his prayer. Oh I have done a wicked thing! It haunts me night and day, And I have sought this lonely place Here undisturb'd to pray. I have no place to pray on board So I came here alone, That I might freely kneel and pray, And call on Christ and groan. If to the main-mast head I go, The wicked one is there, From place to place, from rope to rope, He follows every where. I shut my eyes,--it matters not-- Still still the same I see,-- And when I lie me down at night 'Tis always day with me. He follows follows every where, And every place is Hell! O God--and I must go with him In endless fire to dwell. He follows follows every where, He's still above--below, Oh tell me where to fly from him! Oh tell me where to go! But tell me, quoth the Stranger then, What this thy crime hath been, So haply I may comfort give To one that grieves for sin. O I have done a cursed deed The wretched man replies, And night and day and every where 'Tis still before my eyes. I sail'd on board a Guinea-man And to the slave-coast went; Would that the sea had swallowed me When I was innocent! And we took in our cargo there, Three hundred negroe slaves, And we sail'd homeward merrily Over the ocean waves. But some were sulky of the slaves And would not touch their meat, So therefore we were forced by threats And blows to make them eat. One woman sulkier than the rest Would still refuse her food,-- O Jesus God! I hear her cries-- I see her in her blood! The Captain made me tie her up And flog while he stood by, And then he curs'd me if I staid My hand to hear her cry. She groan'd, she shriek'd--I could not spare For the Captain he stood by-- Dear God! that I might rest one night From that poor woman's cry! She twisted from the blows--her blood Her mangled flesh I see-- And still the Captain would not spare-- Oh he was worse than me! She could not be more glad than I When she was taken down, A blessed minute--'twas the last That I have ever known! I did not close my eyes all night, Thinking what I had done; I heard her groans and they grew faint About the rising sun. She groan'd and groan'd, but her groans grew Fainter at morning tide, Fainter and fainter still they came Till at the noon she died. They flung her overboard;--poor wretch She rested from her pain,-- But when--O Christ! O blessed God! Shall I have rest again! I saw the sea close over her, Yet she was still in sight; I see her twisting every where; I see her day and night. Go where I will, do what I can The wicked one I see-- Dear Christ have mercy on my soul, O God deliver me! To morrow I set sail again Not to the Negroe shore-- Wretch that I am I will at least Commit that sin no more. O give me comfort if you can-- Oh tell me where to fly-- And bid me hope, if there be hope, For one so lost as I. Poor wretch, the stranger he replied, Put thou thy trust in heaven, And call on him for whose dear sake All sins shall be forgiven. This night at least is thine, go thou And seek the house of prayer, There shalt thou hear the word of God And he will help thee there! Jaspar. The stories of the two following ballads are wholly imaginary. I may say of each as John Bunyan did of his 'Pilgrim's Progress', "It came from mine own heart, so to my head, And thence into my fingers trickled; Then to my pen, from whence immediately On paper I did dribble it daintily." JASPAR Jaspar was poor, and want and vice Had made his heart like stone, And Jaspar look'd with envious eyes On riches not his own. On plunder bent abroad he went Towards the close of day, And loitered on the lonely road Impatient for his prey. No traveller came, he loiter'd long And often look'd around, And paus'd and listen'd eagerly To catch some coming sound. He sat him down beside the stream That crossed the lonely way, So fair a scene might well have charm'd All evil thoughts away; He sat beneath a willow tree That cast a trembling shade, The gentle river full in front A little island made, Where pleasantly the moon-beam shone Upon the poplar trees, Whose shadow on the stream below Play'd slowly to the breeze. He listen'd--and he heard the wind That waved the willow tree; He heard the waters flow along And murmur quietly. He listen'd for the traveller's tread, The nightingale sung sweet,-- He started up, for now he heard The sound of coming feet; He started up and graspt a stake And waited for his prey; There came a lonely traveller And Jaspar crost his way. But Jaspar's threats and curses fail'd The traveller to appal, He would not lightly yield the purse That held his little all. Awhile he struggled, but he strove With Jaspar's strength in vain; Beneath his blows he fell and groan'd, And never spoke again. He lifted up the murdered man And plunged him in the flood, And in the running waters then He cleansed his hands from blood. The waters closed around the corpse And cleansed his hands from gore, The willow waved, the stream flowed on And murmured as before. There was no human eye had seen The blood the murderer spilt, And Jaspar's conscience never knew The avenging goad of guilt. And soon the ruffian had consum'd The gold he gain'd so ill, And years of secret guilt pass'd on And he was needy still. One eve beside the alehouse fire He sat as it befell, When in there came a labouring man Whom Jaspar knew full well. He sat him down by Jaspar's side A melancholy man, For spite of honest toil, the world Went hard with Jonathan. His toil a little earn'd, and he With little was content, But sickness on his wife had fallen And all he had was spent. Then with his wife and little ones He shared the scanty meal, And saw their looks of wretchedness, And felt what wretches feel. That very morn the Landlord's power Had seized the little left, And now the sufferer found himself Of every thing bereft. He lent his head upon his hand, His elbow on his knee, And so by Jaspar's side he sat And not a word said he. Nay--why so downcast? Jaspar cried, Come--cheer up Jonathan! Drink neighbour drink! 'twill warm thy heart, Come! come! take courage man! He took the cup that Jaspar gave And down he drain'd it quick I have a wife, said Jonathan, And she is deadly sick. She has no bed to lie upon, I saw them take her bed. And I have children--would to God That they and I were dead! Our Landlord he goes home to night And he will sleep in peace. I would that I were in my grave For there all troubles cease. In vain I pray'd him to forbear Tho' wealth enough has he-- God be to him as merciless As he has been to me! When Jaspar saw the poor man's soul On all his ills intent, He plied him with the heartening cup And with him forth he went. This landlord on his homeward road 'Twere easy now to meet. The road is lonesome--Jonathan, And vengeance, man! is sweet. He listen'd to the tempter's voice The thought it made him start. His head was hot, and wretchedness Had hardened now his heart. Along the lonely road they went And waited for their prey, They sat them down beside the stream That crossed the lonely way. They sat them down beside the stream And never a word they said, They sat and listen'd silently To hear the traveller's tread. The night was calm, the night was dark, No star was in the sky, The wind it waved the willow boughs, The stream flowed quietly. The night was calm, the air was still, Sweet sung the nightingale, The soul of Jonathan was sooth'd, His heart began to fail. 'Tis weary waiting here, he cried, And now the hour is late,-- Methinks he will not come to night, 'Tis useless more to wait. Have patience man! the ruffian said, A little we may wait, But longer shall his wife expect Her husband at the gate. Then Jonathan grew sick at heart, My conscience yet is clear, Jaspar--it is not yet too late-- I will not linger here. How now! cried Jaspar, why I thought Thy conscience was asleep. No more such qualms, the night is dark, The river here is deep, What matters that, said Jonathan, Whose blood began to freeze, When there is one above whose eye The deeds of darkness sees? We are safe enough, said Jaspar then If that be all thy fear; Nor eye below, nor eye above Can pierce the darkness here. That instant as the murderer spake There came a sudden light; Strong as the mid-day sun it shone, Though all around was night. It hung upon the willow tree, It hung upon the flood, It gave to view the poplar isle And all the scene of blood. The traveller who journies there He surely has espied A madman who has made his home Upon the river's side. His cheek is pale, his eye is wild, His look bespeaks despair; For Jaspar since that hour has made His home unshelter'd there. And fearful are his dreams at night And dread to him the day; He thinks upon his untold crime And never dares to pray. The summer suns, the winter storms, O'er him unheeded roll, For heavy is the weight of blood Upon the maniac's soul. LORD WILLIAM. No eye beheld when William plunged Young Edmund in the stream, No human ear but William's heard Young Edmund's drowning scream. Submissive all the vassals own'd The murderer for their Lord, And he, the rightful heir, possessed The house of Erlingford. The ancient house of Erlingford Stood midst a fair domain, And Severn's ample waters near Roll'd through the fertile plain. And often the way-faring man Would love to linger there, Forgetful of his onward road To gaze on scenes so fair. But never could Lord William dare To gaze on Severn's stream; In every wind that swept its waves He heard young Edmund scream. In vain at midnight's silent hour Sleep closed the murderer's eyes, In every dream the murderer saw Young Edmund's form arise. In vain by restless conscience driven Lord William left his home, Far from the scenes that saw his guilt, In pilgrimage to roam. To other climes the pilgrim fled, But could not fly despair, He sought his home again, but peace Was still a stranger there. Each hour was tedious long, yet swift The months appear'd to roll; And now the day return'd that shook With terror William's soul. A day that William never felt Return without dismay, For well had conscience kalendered Young Edmund's dying day. A fearful day was that! the rains Fell fast, with tempest roar, And the swoln tide of Severn spread Far on the level shore. In vain Lord William sought the feast In vain he quaff'd the bowl, And strove with noisy mirth to drown The anguish of his soul. The tempest as its sudden swell In gusty howlings came, With cold and death-like feelings seem'd To thrill his shuddering frame. Reluctant now, as night came on, His lonely couch he prest, And wearied out, he sunk to sleep, To sleep, but not to rest. Beside that couch his brother's form Lord Edmund seem'd to stand, Such and so pale as when in death He grasp'd his brother's hand; Such and so pale his face as when With faint and faltering tongue, To William's care, a dying charge He left his orphan son. "I bade thee with a father's love My orphan Edmund guard-- Well William hast thou kept thy charge! Now take thy due reward." He started up, each limb convuls'd With agonizing fear, He only heard the storm of night-- 'Twas music to his ear. When lo! the voice of loud alarm His inmost soul appals, What ho! Lord William rise in haste! The water saps thy walls! He rose in haste, beneath the walls He saw the flood appear, It hemm'd him round, 'twas midnight now, No human aid was near. He heard the shout of joy, for now A boat approach'd the wall, And eager to the welcome aid They crowd for safety all. My boat is small, the boatman cried, This dangerous haste forbear! Wait other aid, this little bark But one from hence can bear. Lord William leap'd into the boat, Haste--haste to yonder shore! And ample wealth shall well reward, Ply swift and strong the oar. The boatman plied the oar, the boat Went light along the stream, Sudden Lord William heard a cry Like Edmund's drowning scream. The boatman paus'd, methought I heard A child's distressful cry! 'Twas but the howling wind of night Lord William made reply. Haste haste--ply swift and strong the oar! Haste haste across the stream! Again Lord William heard a cry Like Edmund's drowning scream. I heard a child's distressful scream The boatman cried again. Nay hasten on--the night is dark-- And we should search in vain. Oh God! Lord William dost thou know How dreadful 'tis to die? And can'st thou without pity hear A child's expiring cry? How horrible it is to sink Beneath the chilly stream, To stretch the powerless arms in vain, In vain for help to scream? The shriek again was heard. It came More deep, more piercing loud, That instant o'er the flood the moon Shone through a broken cloud. And near them they beheld a child, Upon a crag he stood, A little crag, and all around Was spread the rising flood. The boatman plied the oar, the boat Approach'd his resting place, The moon-beam shone upon the child And show'd how pale his face. Now reach thine hand! the boatman cried Lord William reach and save! The child stretch'd forth his little hands To grasp the hand he gave. Then William shriek'd; the hand he touch'd Was cold and damp and dead! He felt young Edmund in his arms A heavier weight than lead. The boat sunk down, the murderer sunk Beneath the avenging stream; He rose, he scream'd, no human ear Heard William's drowning scream. A BALLAD, SHEWING HOW AN OLD WOMAN RODE DOUBLE, AND WHO RODE BEFORE HER. [Illustration: heavy black-and-white drawing (woodcut) of the title.] A.D. 852. Circa dies istos, mulier quædam malefica, in villâ quæ Berkeleia dicitur degens, gulæ amatrix ac petulantiæ, flagitiis modum usque in senium et auguriis non ponens, usque ad mortem impudica permansit. Hæc die quadam cum sederet ad prandium, cornicula quam pro delitiis pascebat, nescio quid garrire coepit; quo audito, mulieris cultellus de manu excidit, simul et facies pallescere coepit, et emisso rugitu, hodie, inquit, accipiam grande incommodum, hodieque ad sulcum ultimum meum pervenit aratrum, quo dicto, nuncius doloris intravit; muliere vero percunctata ad quid veniret, affero, inquit, tibi filii tui obitum & totius familiæ ejus ex subita ruina interitum. Hoc quoque dolore mulier permota, lecto protinus decubuit graviter infirmata; sentiensque morbum subrepere ad vitalia, liberos quos habuit superstites, monachum videlicet et monacham, per epistolam invitavit; advenientes autem voce singultiente alloquitur. Ego, inquit, o pueri, meo miserabili fato dæmoniacis semper artibus inservivi; ego omnium vitiorum sentina, ego illecebrarum omnium fui magistra. Erat tamen mihi inter hæc mala, spes vestræ religionis, quæ meam solidaret animam desperatam; vos expctabam propugnatores contra dæmones, tutores contra sævissimos hostes. Nunc igitur quoniam ad finem vitæ perveni, rogo vos per materna ubera, ut mea tentatis alleviare tormenta. Insuite me defunctam in corio cervino, ac deinde in sarcophago lapideo supponite, operculumque ferro et plumbo constringite, ac demum lapidem tribus cathenis ferreis et fortissimis circundantes, clericos quinquaginta psalmorum cantores, et tot per tres dies presbyteros missarum celebratores applicate, qui feroces lenigent adversariorum incursus. Ita si tribus noctibus secura jacuero, quarta die me infodite humo. Factumque est ut præceperat illis. Sed, proh dolor! nil preces, nil lacrymæ, nil demum valuere catenæ. Primis enim duabus noctibus, cum chori psallentium corpori assistabant, advenientes Dæmones ostium ecclesiæ confregerunt ingenti obice clausum, extremasque cathenas negotio levi dirumpunt: media autem quæ fortior erat, illibata manebat. Tertia autem nocte, circa gallicinium, strepitu hostium adventantium, omne monasterium visum est a fundamento moveri. Unus ergo dæmonum, et vultu cæteris terribilior & statura eminentior, januas Ecclesiæ; impetu violento concussas in fragmenta dejecit. Divexerunt clerici cum laicis, metu stelerunt omnium capilli, et psalmorum concentus defecit. Dæmon ergo gestu ut videbatur arroganti ad sepulchrum accedens, & nomen mulieris modicum ingeminans, surgere imperavit. Qua respondente, quod nequiret pro vinculis, jam malo tuo, inquit, solveris; et protinus cathenam quæ cæterorum ferociam dæmonum deluserat, velut stuppeum vinculum rumpebat. Operculum etiam sepulchri pede depellens, mulierem palam omnibus ab ecclesia extraxit, ubi præ foribus niger equus superbe hinniens videbatur, uncis ferreis et clavis undique confixus, super quem misera mulier projecta, ab oculis assistentium evanuit. Audiebantur tamen clamores per quatuor fere miliaria horribiles, auxilium postulantes. Ista itaque quæ retuli incredibilia non erunt, si legatur beati Gregorii dialogus, in quo refert, hominem in ecclesia sepultam, a dæmonibus foras ejectum. Et apud Francos Carolus Martellus insignis vir fortudinis, qui Saracenos Galliam ingressos, Hispaniam redire compulit, exactis vitæ suæ diebus, in Ecclesia beati Dionysii legitur fuisse sepultus. Sed quia patrimonia, cum decimis omnium fere ecclesiarum Galliæ, pro stipendio commilitonum suorum mutilaverat, miserabiliter a malignis spiritibus de sepulchro corporaliter avulsus, usque in hodiernum diem nusquam comparuit. Matthew of Westminster. This story is also related by Olaus Magnus, and in the Nuremberg Chronicle, from which the wooden cut is taken. A BALLAD, SHEWING HOW AN OLD WOMAN RODE DOUBLE, AND WHO RODE BEFORE HER. The Raven croak'd as she sate at her meal, And the Old Woman knew what he said, And she grew pale at the Raven's tale, And sicken'd and went to her bed. Now fetch me my children, and fetch them with speed, The Old Woman of Berkeley said, The monk my son, and my daughter the nun Bid them hasten or I shall be dead. The monk her son, and her daughter the nun, Their way to Berkeley went, And they have brought with pious thought The holy sacrament. The old Woman shriek'd as they entered her door, 'Twas fearful her shrieks to hear, Now take the sacrament away For mercy, my children dear! Her lip it trembled with agony, The sweat ran down her brow, I have tortures in store for evermore, Oh! spare me my children now! Away they sent the sacrament, The fit it left her weak, She look'd at her children with ghastly eyes And faintly struggled to speak. All kind of sin I have rioted in And the judgment now must be, But I secured my childrens souls, Oh! pray my children for me. I have suck'd the breath of sleeping babes, The fiends have been my slaves, I have nointed myself with infants fat, And feasted on rifled graves. And the fiend will fetch me now in fire My witchcrafts to atone, And I who have rifled the dead man's grave Shall never have rest in my own. Bless I intreat my winding sheet My children I beg of you! And with holy water sprinkle my shroud And sprinkle my coffin too. And let me be chain'd in my coffin of stone And fasten it strong I implore With iron bars, and let it be chain'd With three chains to the church floor. And bless the chains and sprinkle them, And let fifty priests stand round, Who night and day the mass may say Where I lie on the ground. And let fifty choristers be there The funeral dirge to sing, Who day and night by the taper's light Their aid to me may bring. Let the church bells all both great and small Be toll'd by night and day, To drive from thence the fiends who come To bear my corpse away. And ever have the church door barr'd After the even song, And I beseech you children dear Let the bars and bolts be strong. And let this be three days and nights My wretched corpse to save, Preserve me so long from the fiendish throng And then I may rest in my grave. The Old Woman of Berkeley laid her down And her eyes grew deadly dim, Short came her breath and the struggle of death Did loosen every limb. They blest the old woman's winding sheet With rites and prayers as due, With holy water they sprinkled her shroud And they sprinkled her coffin too. And they chain'd her in her coffin of stone And with iron barr'd it down, And in the church with three strong chains They chain'd it to the ground. And they blest the chains and sprinkled them, And fifty priests stood round, By night and day the mass to say Where she lay on the ground. And fifty choristers were there To sing the funeral song, And a hallowed taper blazed in the hand Of all the sacred throng. To see the priests and choristers It was a goodly sight, Each holding, as it were a staff, A taper burning bright. And the church bells all both great and small Did toll so loud and long, And they have barr'd the church door hard After the even song. And the first night the taper's light Burnt steadily and clear. But they without a hideous rout Of angry fiends could hear; A hideous roar at the church door Like a long thunder peal, And the priests they pray'd and the choristers sung Louder in fearful zeal. Loud toll'd the bell, the priests pray'd well, The tapers they burnt bright, The monk her son, and her daughter the nun They told their beads all night. The cock he crew, away they flew The fiends from the herald of day, And undisturb'd the choristers sing And the fifty priests they pray. The second night the taper's light Burnt dismally and blue, And every one saw his neighbour's face Like a dead man's face to view. And yells and cries without arise That the stoutest heart might shock, And a deafening roaring like a cataract pouring Over a mountain rock. The monk and nun they told their beads As fast as they could tell, And aye as louder grew the noise The faster went the bell. Louder and louder the choristers sung As they trembled more and more, And the fifty priests prayed to heaven for aid, They never had prayed so before. The cock he crew, away they flew The fiends from the herald of day, And undisturb'd the choristers sing And the fifty priests they pray. The third night came and the tapers flame A hideous stench did make, And they burnt as though they had been dipt In the burning brimstone lake. And the loud commotion, like the rushing of ocean, Grew momently more and more, And strokes as of a battering ram Did shake the strong church door. The bellmen they for very fear Could toll the bell no longer, And still as louder grew the strokes Their fear it grew the stronger. The monk and nun forgot their beads, They fell on the ground dismay'd, There was not a single saint in heaven Whom they did not call to aid. And the choristers song that late was so strong Grew a quaver of consternation, For the church did rock as an earthquake shock Uplifted its foundation. And a sound was heard like the trumpet's blast That shall one day wake the dead, The strong church door could bear no more And the bolts and the bars they fled. And the taper's light was extinguish'd quite, And the choristers faintly sung, And the priests dismay'd, panted and prayed Till fear froze every tongue. And in He came with eyes of flame The Fiend to fetch the dead, And all the church with his presence glowed Like a fiery furnace red. He laid his hand on the iron chains And like flax they moulder'd asunder, And the coffin lid that was barr'd so firm He burst with his voice of thunder. And he bade the Old Woman of Berkeley rise And come with her master away, And the cold sweat stood on the cold cold corpse, At the voice she was forced to obey. She rose on her feet in her winding sheet, Her dead flesh quivered with fear, And a groan like that which the Old Woman gave Never did mortal hear. She followed the fiend to the church door, There stood a black horse there, His breath was red like furnace smoke, His eyes like a meteor's glare. The fiendish force flung her on the horse And he leapt up before, And away like the lightning's speed they went And she was seen no more. They saw her no more, but her cries and shrieks For four miles round they could hear, And children at rest at their mother's breast, Started and screamed with fear. The Surgeon's Warning. The subject of this parody was given me by a friend, to whom also I am indebted for some of the stanzas. Respecting the patent coffins herein mentioned, after the manner of Catholic Poets, who confess the actions they attribute to their Saints and Deity to be but fiction, I hereby declare that it is by no means my design to depreciate that useful invention; and all persons to whom this Ballad shall come are requested to take notice, that nothing here asserted concerning the aforesaid Coffins is true, except that the maker and patentee lives by St. Martin's Lane. THE SURGEONS' WARNING. The Doctor whispered to the Nurse And the Surgeon knew what he said, And he grew pale at the Doctor's tale And trembled in his sick bed. Now fetch me my brethren and fetch them with speed The Surgeon affrighted said, The Parson and the Undertaker, Let them hasten or I shall be dead. The Parson and the Undertaker They hastily came complying, And the Surgeon's Prentices ran up stairs When they heard that their master was dying. The Prentices all they entered the room By one, by two, by three, With a sly grin came Joseph in, First of the company. The Surgeon swore as they enter'd his door, 'Twas fearful his oaths to hear,-- Now send these scoundrels to the Devil, For God's sake my brethren dear. He foam'd at the mouth with the rage he felt And he wrinkled his black eye-brow, That rascal Joe would be at me I know, But zounds let him spare me now. Then out they sent the Prentices, The fit it left him weak, He look'd at his brothers with ghastly eyes, And faintly struggled to speak. All kinds of carcasses I have cut up, And the judgment now must be-- But brothers I took care of you, So pray take care of me! I have made candles of infants fat The Sextons have been my slaves, I have bottled babes unborn, and dried Hearts and livers from rifled graves. And my Prentices now will surely come And carve me bone from bone, And I who have rifled the dead man's grave Shall never have rest in my own. Bury me in lead when I am dead, My brethren I intreat, And see the coffin weigh'd I beg Lest the Plumber should be a cheat. And let it be solder'd closely down Strong as strong can be I implore, And put it in a patent coffin, That I may rise no more. If they carry me off in the patent coffin Their labour will be in vain, Let the Undertaker see it bought of the maker Who lives by St. Martin's lane. And bury me in my brother's church For that will safer be, And I implore lock the church door And pray take care of the key. And all night long let three stout men The vestry watch within, To each man give a gallon of beer And a keg of Holland's gin; Powder and ball and blunder-buss To save me if he can, And eke five guineas if he shoot A resurrection man. And let them watch me for three weeks My wretched corpse to save, For then I think that I may stink Enough to rest in my grave. The Surgeon laid him down in his bed, His eyes grew deadly dim, Short came his breath and the struggle of death Distorted every limb. They put him in lead when he was dead And shrouded up so neat, And they the leaden coffin weigh Lest the Plumber should be a cheat. They had it solder'd closely down And examined it o'er and o'er, And they put it in a patent coffin That he might rise no more. For to carry him off in a patent coffin Would they thought be but labour in vain, So the Undertaker saw it bought of the maker Who lives by St. Martin's lane. In his brother's church they buried him That safer he might be, They lock'd the door and would not trust The Sexton with the key. And three men in the vestry watch To save him if they can, And should he come there to shoot they swear A resurrection man. And the first night by lanthorn light Thro' the church-yard as they went, A guinea of gold the sexton shewed That Mister Joseph sent. But conscience was tough, it was not enough And their honesty never swerved, And they bade him go with Mister Joe To the Devil as he deserved. So all night long by the vestry fire They quaff'd their gin and ale, And they did drink as you may think And told full many a tale. The second night by lanthorn light Thro' the church-yard as they went, He whisper'd anew and shew'd them two That Mister Joseph sent. The guineas were bright and attracted their sight They look'd so heavy and new, And their fingers itch'd as they were bewitch'd And they knew not what to do. But they waver'd not long for conscience was strong And they thought they might get more, And they refused the gold, but not So rudely as before. So all night long by the vestry fire They quaff'd their gin and ale, And they did drink as you may think And told full many a tale. The third night as by lanthorn light Thro' the church-yard they went, He bade them see and shew'd them three That Mister Joseph sent. They look'd askance with eager glance, The guineas they shone bright, For the Sexton on the yellow gold Let fall his lanthorn light. And he look'd sly with his roguish eye And gave a well-tim'd wink, And they could not stand the sound in his hand For he made the guineas chink. And conscience late that had such weight, All in a moment fails, For well they knew that it was true A dead man told no tales, And they gave all their powder and ball And took the gold so bright, And they drank their beer and made good cheer, Till now it was midnight. Then, tho' the key of the church door Was left with the Parson his brother, It opened at the Sexton's touch-- Because he had another. And in they go with that villain Joe To fetch the body by night, And all the church look'd dismally By his dark lanthorn light. They laid the pick-axe to the stones And they moved them soon asunder. They shovell'd away the hard-prest clay And came to the coffin under. They burst the patent coffin first And they cut thro' the lead, And they laugh'd aloud when they saw the shroud Because they had got at the dead. And they allowed the Sexton the shroud And they put the coffin back, And nose and knees they then did squeeze The Surgeon in a sack. The watchmen as they past along Full four yards off could smell, And a curse bestowed upon the load So disagreeable. So they carried the sack a-pick-a-back And they carv'd him bone from bone, But what became of the Surgeon's soul Was never to mortal known. THE VICTORY. Hark--how the church-bells thundering harmony Stuns the glad ear! tidings of joy have come, Good tidings of great joy! two gallant ships Met on the element,--they met, they fought A desperate fight!--good tidings of great joy! Old England triumphed! yet another day Of glory for the ruler of the waves! For those who fell, 'twas in their country's cause, They have their passing paragraphs of praise And are forgotten. There was one who died In that day's glory, whose obscurer name No proud historian's page will chronicle. Peace to his honest soul! I read his name, 'Twas in the list of slaughter, and blest God The sound was not familiar to mine ear. But it was told me after that this man Was one whom lawful violence [1] had forced From his own home and wife and little ones, Who by his labour lived; that he was one Whose uncorrupted heart could keenly feel A husband's love, a father's anxiousness, That from the wages of his toil he fed The distant dear ones, and would talk of them At midnight when he trod the silent deck With him he valued, talk of them, of joys That he had known--oh God! and of the hour When they should meet again, till his full heart His manly heart at last would overflow Even like a child's with very tenderness. Peace to his honest spirit! suddenly It came, and merciful the ball of death, For it came suddenly and shattered him, And left no moment's agonizing thought On those he loved so well. He ocean deep Now lies at rest. Be Thou her comforter Who art the widow's friend! Man does not know What a cold sickness made her blood run back When first she heard the tidings of the fight; Man does not know with what a dreadful hope She listened to the names of those who died, Man does not know, or knowing will not heed, With what an agony of tenderness She gazed upon her children, and beheld His image who was gone. Oh God! be thou Her comforter who art the widow's friend! [Footnote 1: The person alluded to was pressed into the service.] HENRY THE HERMIT. It was a little island where he dwelt, Or rather a lone rock, barren and bleak, Short scanty herbage spotting with dark spots Its gray stone surface. Never mariner Approach'd that rude and uninviting coast, Nor ever fisherman his lonely bark Anchored beside its shore. It was a place Befitting well a rigid anchoret, Dead to the hopes, and vanities, and joys And purposes of life; and he had dwelt Many long years upon that lonely isle, For in ripe manhood he abandoned arms, Honours and friends and country and the world, And had grown old in solitude. That isle Some solitary man in other times Had made his dwelling-place; and Henry found The little chapel that his toil had built Now by the storms unroofed, his bed of leaves Wind-scattered, and his grave o'ergrown with grass, And thistles, whose white seeds winged in vain Withered on rocks, or in the waves were lost. So he repaired the chapel's ruined roof, Clear'd the grey lichens from the altar-stone, And underneath a rock that shelter'd him From the sea blasts, he built his hermitage. The peasants from the shore would bring him food And beg his prayers; but human converse else He knew not in that utter solitude, Nor ever visited the haunts of men Save when some sinful wretch on a sick bed Implored his blessing and his aid in death. That summons he delayed not to obey, Tho' the night tempest or autumnal wind. Maddened the waves, and tho' the mariner, Albeit relying on his saintly load, Grew pale to see the peril. So he lived A most austere and self-denying man, Till abstinence, and age, and watchfulness Exhausted him, and it was pain at last To rise at midnight from his bed of leaves And bend his knees in prayer. Yet not the less Tho' with reluctance of infirmity, He rose at midnight from his bed of leaves And bent his knees in prayer; but with more zeal More self-condemning fervour rais'd his voice For pardon for that sin, 'till that the sin Repented was a joy like a good deed. One night upon the shore his chapel bell Was heard; the air was calm, and its far sounds Over the water came distinct and loud. Alarmed at that unusual hour to hear Its toll irregular, a monk arose. The boatmen bore him willingly across For well the hermit Henry was beloved. He hastened to the chapel, on a stone Henry was sitting there, cold, stiff and dead, The bell-rope in his band, and at his feet The lamp that stream'd a long unsteady light [Footnote 1: This story is related in the English Martyrology, 1608.] English Eclogues. The following Eclogues I believe, bear no resemblance to any poems in our language. This species of composition has become popular in Germany, and I was induced to attempt by an account of the German Idylls given me in conversation. They cannot properly be stiled imitations, as I am ignorant of that language at present, and have never seen any translations or specimens in this kind. With bad Eclogues I am sufficiently acquainted, from ??tyrus [1] and Corydon down to our English Strephons and Thirsises. No kind of poetry can boast of more illustrious names or is more distinguished by the servile dulness of imitated nonsense. Pastoral writers "more silly than their sheep" have like their sheep gone on in the same track one after another. Gay stumbled into a new path. His eclogues were the only ones that interested me when I was a boy, and did not know they were burlesque. The subject would furnish matter for a long essay, but this is not the place for it. How far poems requiring almost a colloquial plainness of language may accord with the public taste I am doubtful. They have been subjected to able criticism and revised with care. I have endeavoured to make them true to nature. [Footnote 1: The letters of this name are illegible (worn away?) in the original text; from the remaining bits I have guessed all but the first two, which are not visible under any magnification. text Ed.] ECLOGUE I. THE OLD MANSION-HOUSE. STRANGER. Old friend! why you seem bent on parish duty, Breaking the highway stones,--and 'tis a task Somewhat too hard methinks for age like yours. OLD MAN. Why yes! for one with such a weight of years Upon his back. I've lived here, man and boy, In this same parish, near the age of man For I am hard upon threescore and ten. I can remember sixty years ago The beautifying of this mansion here When my late Lady's father, the old Squire Came to the estate. STRANGER. Why then you have outlasted All his improvements, for you see they're making Great alterations here. OLD MAN. Aye-great indeed! And if my poor old Lady could rise up-- God rest her soul! 'twould grieve her to behold The wicked work is here. STRANGER. They've set about it In right good earnest. All the front is gone, Here's to be turf they tell me, and a road Round to the door. There were some yew trees too Stood in the court. OLD MAN. Aye Master! fine old trees! My grandfather could just remember back When they were planted there. It was my task To keep them trimm'd, and 'twas a pleasure to me! All strait and smooth, and like a great green wall! My poor old Lady many a time would come And tell me where to shear, for she had played In childhood under them, and 'twas her pride To keep them in their beauty. Plague I say On their new-fangled whimsies! we shall have A modern shrubbery here stuck full of firs And your pert poplar trees;--I could as soon Have plough'd my father's grave as cut them down! STRANGER. But 'twill be lighter and more chearful now, A fine smooth turf, and with a gravel road Round for the carriage,--now it suits my taste. I like a shrubbery too, it looks so fresh, And then there's some variety about it. In spring the lilac and the gueldres rose, And the laburnum with its golden flowers Waving in the wind. And when the autumn comes The bright red berries of the mountain ash, With firs enough in winter to look green, And show that something lives. Sure this is better Than a great hedge of yew that makes it look All the year round like winter, and for ever Dropping its poisonous leaves from the under boughs So dry and bare! OLD MAN. Ah! so the new Squire thinks And pretty work he makes of it! what 'tis To have a stranger come to an old house! STRANGER. It seems you know him not? OLD MAN. No Sir, not I. They tell me he's expected daily now, But in my Lady's time he never came But once, for they were very distant kin. If he had played about here when a child In that fore court, and eat the yew-berries, And sat in the porch threading the jessamine flowers, That fell so thick, he had not had the heart To mar all thus. STRANGER. Come--come! all a not wrong. Those old dark windows-- OLD MAN. They're demolish'd too-- As if he could not see thro' casement glass! The very red-breasts that so regular Came to my Lady for her morning crumbs, Won't know the window now! STRANGER. Nay they were high And then so darken'd up with jessamine, Harbouring the vermine;--that was a fine tree However. Did it not grow in and line The porch? OLD MAN. All over it: it did one good To pass within ten yards when 'twas in blossom. There was a sweet-briar too that grew beside. My Lady loved at evening to sit there And knit; and her old dog lay at her feet And slept in the sun; 'twas an old favourite dog She did not love him less that he was old And feeble, and he always had a place By the fire-side, and when he died at last She made me dig a grave in the garden for him. Ah I she was good to all! a woful day 'Twas for the poor when to her grave she went! STRANGER. They lost a friend then? OLD MAN. You're a stranger here Or would not ask that question. Were they sick? She had rare cordial waters, and for herbs She could have taught the Doctors. Then at winter When weekly she distributed the bread In the poor old porch, to see her and to hear The blessings on her! and I warrant them They were a blessing to her when her wealth Had been no comfort else. At Christmas, Sir! It would have warm'd your heart if you had seen Her Christmas kitchen,--how the blazing fire Made her fine pewter shine, and holly boughs So chearful red,--and as for misseltoe, The finest bough that grew in the country round Was mark'd for Madam. Then her old ale went So bountiful about! a Christmas cask, And 'twas a noble one! God help me Sir! But I shall never see such days again. STRANGER. Things may be better yet than you suppose And you should hope the best. OLD MAN. It don't look well These alterations Sir! I'm an old man And love the good old fashions; we don't find Old bounty in new houses. They've destroyed All that my Lady loved; her favourite walk Grubb'd up, and they do say that the great row Of elms behind the house, that meet a-top They must fall too. Well! well! I did not think To live to see all this, and 'tis perhaps A comfort I shan't live to see it long. STRANGER. But sure all changes are not needs for the worse My friend. OLD MAN. May-hap they mayn't Sir;--for all that I like what I've been us'd to. I remember All this from a child up, and now to lose it, 'Tis losing an old friend. There's nothing left As 'twas;--I go abroad and only meet With men whose fathers I remember boys; The brook that used to run before my door That's gone to the great pond; the trees I learnt To climb are down; and I see nothing now That tells me of old times, except the stones In the church-yard. You are young Sir and I hope Have many years in store,--but pray to God You mayn't be left the last of all your friends. STRANGER. Well! well! you've one friend more than you're aware of. If the Squire's taste don't suit with your's, I warrant That's all you'll quarrel with: walk in and taste His beer, old friend! and see if your old Lady E'er broached a better cask. You did not know me, But we're acquainted now. 'Twould not be easy To make you like the outside; but within-- That is not changed my friend! you'll always find The same old bounty and old welcome there. ECLOGUE II. THE GRANDMOTHERS TALE. JANE. Harry! I'm tired of playing. We'll draw round The fire, and Grandmamma perhaps will tell us One of her stories. HARRY. Aye--dear Grandmamma! A pretty story! something dismal now; A bloody murder. JANE. Or about a ghost. GRANDMOTHER. Nay, nay, I should but frighten you. You know The other night when I was telling you About the light in the church-yard, how you trembled Because the screech-owl hooted at the window, And would not go to bed. JANE. Why Grandmamma You said yourself you did not like to hear him. Pray now! we wo'nt be frightened. GRANDMOTHER. Well, well, children! But you've heard all my stories. Let me see,-- Did I never tell you how the smuggler murdered The woman down at Pill? HARRY. No--never! never! GRANDMOTHER. Not how he cut her head off in the stable? HARRY. Oh--now! do tell us that! GRANDMOTHER. You must have heard Your Mother, children! often tell of her. She used to weed in the garden here, and worm Your uncle's dogs [1], and serve the house with coal; And glad enough she was in winter time To drive her asses here! it was cold work To follow the slow beasts thro' sleet and snow, And here she found a comfortable meal And a brave fire to thaw her, for poor Moll Was always welcome. HARRY. Oh--'twas blear-eyed Moll The collier woman,--a great ugly woman, I've heard of her. GRANDMOTHER. Ugly enough poor soul! At ten yards distance you could hardly tell If it were man or woman, for her voice Was rough as our old mastiff's, and she wore A man's old coat and hat,--and then her face! There was a merry story told of her, How when the press-gang came to take her husband As they were both in bed, she heard them coming, Drest John up in her night-cap, and herself Put on his clothes and went before the Captain. JANE. And so they prest a woman! GRANDMOTHER. 'Twas a trick She dearly loved to tell, and all the country Soon knew the jest, for she was used to travel For miles around. All weathers and all hours She crossed the hill, as hardy as her beasts, Bearing the wind and rain and winter frosts, And if she did not reach her home at night She laid her down in the stable with her asses And slept as sound as they did. HARRY. With her asses! GRANDMOTHER. Yes, and she loved her beasts. For tho' poor wretch She was a terrible reprobate and swore Like any trooper, she was always good To the dumb creatures, never loaded them Beyond their strength, and rather I believe Would stint herself than let the poor beasts want, Because, she said, they could not ask for food. I never saw her stick fall heavier on them Than just with its own weight. She little thought This tender-heartedness would be her death! There was a fellow who had oftentimes, As if he took delight in cruelty. Ill-used her Asses. He was one who lived By smuggling, and, for she had often met him Crossing the down at night, she threatened him, If he tormented them again, to inform Of his unlawful ways. Well--so it was-- 'Twas what they both were born to, he provoked her, She laid an information, and one morn They found her in the stable, her throat cut From ear to ear,'till the head only hung Just by a bit of skin. JANE. Oh dear! oh dear! HARRY. I hope they hung the man! GRANDMOTHER. They took him up; There was no proof, no one had seen the deed, And he was set at liberty. But God Whoss eye beholdeth all things, he had seen The murder, and the murderer knew that God Was witness to his crime. He fled the place, But nowhere could he fly the avenging hand Of heaven, but nowhere could the murderer rest, A guilty conscience haunted him, by day, By night, in company, in solitude, Restless and wretched, did he bear upon him The weight of blood; her cries were in his ears, Her stifled groans as when he knelt upon her Always he heard; always he saw her stand Before his eyes; even in the dead of night Distinctly seen as tho' in the broad sun, She stood beside the murderer's bed and yawn'd Her ghastly wound; till life itself became A punishment at last he could not bear, And he confess'd [2] it all, and gave himself To death, so terrible, he said, it was To have a guilty conscience! HARRY. Was he hung then? GRANDMOTHER. Hung and anatomized. Poor wretched man, Your uncles went to see him on his trial, He was so pale, so thin, so hollow-eyed, And such a horror in his meagre face, They said he look'd like one who never slept. He begg'd the prayers of all who saw his end And met his death with fears that well might warn From guilt, tho' not without a hope in Christ. [Footnote 1: I know not whether this cruel and stupid custom is common in other parts of England. It is supposed to prevent the dogs from doing any mischief should they afterwards become mad.] [Footnote 2: There must be many persons living who remember these circumstances. They happened two or three and twenty years ago, in the neighbourhood of Bristol. The woman's name was Bees. The stratagem by which she preserved her husband from the press-gang, is also true.] ECLOGUE III. THE FUNERAL. The coffin [1] as I past across the lane Came sudden on my view. It was not here, A sight of every day, as in the streets Of the great city, and we paus'd and ask'd Who to the grave was going. It was one, A village girl, they told us, who had borne An eighteen months strange illness, and had pined With such slow wasting that the hour of death Came welcome to her. We pursued our way To the house of mirth, and with that idle talk That passes o'er the mind and is forgot, We wore away the time. But it was eve When homewardly I went, and in the air Was that cool freshness, that discolouring shade That makes the eye turn inward. Then I heard Over the vale the heavy toll of death Sound slow; it made me think upon the dead, I questioned more and learnt her sorrowful tale. She bore unhusbanded a mother's name, And he who should have cherished her, far off Sail'd on the seas, self-exil'd from his home, For he was poor. Left thus, a wretched one, Scorn made a mock of her, and evil tongues Were busy with her name. She had one ill Heavier, neglect, forgetfulness from him Whom she had loved so dearly. Once he wrote, But only once that drop of comfort came To mingle with her cup of wretchedness; And when his parents had some tidings from him, There was no mention of poor Hannah there, Or 'twas the cold enquiry, bitterer Than silence. So she pined and pined away And for herself and baby toil'd and toil'd, Nor did she, even on her death bed, rest From labour, knitting with her outstretch'd arms Till she sunk with very weakness. Her old mother Omitted no kind office, and she work'd Hard, and with hardest working barely earn'd Enough to make life struggle and prolong The pains of grief and sickness. Thus she lay On the sick bed of poverty, so worn With her long suffering and that painful thought That at her heart lay rankling, and so weak, That she could make no effort to express Affection for her infant; and the child, Whose lisping love perhaps had solaced her With a strange infantine ingratitude Shunn'd her as one indifferent. She was past That anguish, for she felt her hour draw on, And 'twas her only comfoft now to think Upon the grave. "Poor girl!" her mother said, "Thou hast suffered much!" "aye mother! there is none "Can tell what I have suffered!" she replied, "But I shall soon be where the weary rest." And she did rest her soon, for it pleased God To take her to his mercy. [Footnote 1: It is proper to remark that the story related in this Eclogue is strictly true. I met the funeral, and learnt the circumstances in a village in Hampshire. The indifference of the child was mentioned to me; indeed no addition whatever has been made to the story. I should have thought it wrong to have weakened the effect of a faithful narrative by adding any thing.] ECLOGUE IV. THE SAILOR'S MOTHER. WOMAN. Sir for the love of God some small relief To a poor woman! TRAVELLER. Whither are you bound? 'Tis a late hour to travel o'er these downs, No house for miles around us, and the way Dreary and wild. The evening wind already Makes one's teeth chatter, and the very Sun, Setting so pale behind those thin white clouds, Looks cold. 'Twill be a bitter night! WOMAN. Aye Sir 'Tis cutting keen! I smart at every breath, Heaven knows how I shall reach my journey's end, For the way is long before me, and my feet, God help me! sore with travelling. I would gladly, If it pleased God, lie down at once and die. TRAVELLER. Nay nay cheer up! a little food and rest Will comfort you; and then your journey's end Will make amends for all. You shake your head, And weep. Is it some evil business then That leads you from your home? WOMAN. Sir I am going To see my son at Plymouth, sadly hurt In the late action, and in the hospital Dying, I fear me, now. TRAVELLER. Perhaps your fears Make evil worse. Even if a limb be lost There may be still enough for comfort left An arm or leg shot off, there's yet the heart To keep life warm, and he may live to talk With pleasure of the glorious fight that maim'd him, Proud of his loss. Old England's gratitude Makes the maim'd sailor happy. WOMAN. 'Tis not that-- An arm or leg--I could have borne with that. 'Twas not a ball, it was some cursed thing That bursts [1] and burns that hurt him. Something Sir They do not use on board our English ships It is so wicked! TRAVELLER. Rascals! a mean art Of cruel cowardice, yet all in vain! WOMAN. Yes Sir! and they should show no mercy to them For making use of such unchristian arms. I had a letter from the hospital, He got some friend to write it, and he tells me That my poor boy has lost his precious eyes, Burnt out. Alas! that I should ever live To see this wretched day!--they tell me Sir There is no cure for wounds like his. Indeed 'Tis a hard journey that I go upon To such a dismal end! TRAVELLER. He yet may live. But if the worst should chance, why you must bear The will of heaven with patience. Were it not Some comfort to reflect your son has fallen Fighting his country's cause? and for yourself You will not in unpitied poverty Be left to mourn his loss. Your grateful country Amid the triumph of her victory Remember those who paid its price of blood, And with a noble charity relieves The widow and the orphan. WOMAN. God reward them! God bless them, it will help me in my age But Sir! it will not pay me for my child! TRAVELLER. Was he your only child? WOMAN. My only one, The stay and comfort of my widowhood, A dear good boy!--when first he went to sea I felt what it would come to,--something told me I should be childless soon. But tell me Sir If it be true that for a hurt like his There is no cure? please God to spare his life Tho' he be blind, yet I should be so thankful! I can remember there was a blind man Lived in our village, one from his youth up Quite dark, and yet he was a merry man, And he had none to tend on him so well As I would tend my boy! TRAVELLER. Of this be sure His hurts are look'd to well, and the best help The place affords, as rightly is his due, Ever at hand. How happened it he left you? Was a seafaring life his early choice? WOMAN. No Sir! poor fellow--he was wise enough To be content at home, and 'twas a home As comfortable Sir I even tho' I say it, As any in the country. He was left A little boy when his poor father died, Just old enough to totter by himself And call his mother's name. We two were all, And as we were not left quite destitute We bore up well. In the summer time I worked Sometimes a-field. Then I was famed for knitting, And in long winter nights my spinning wheel Seldom stood still. We had kind neighbours too And never felt distress. So he grew up A comely lad and wonderous well disposed; I taught him well; there was not in the parish A child who said his prayers more regular, Or answered readier thro' his catechism. If I had foreseen this! but 'tis a blessing We do'nt know what we're born to! TRAVELLER. But how came it He chose to be a Sailor? WOMAN. You shall hear Sir; As he grew up he used to watch the birds In the corn, child's work you know, and easily done. 'Tis an idle sort of task, so he built up A little hut of wicker-work and clay Under the hedge, to shelter him in rain. And then he took for very idleness To making traps to catch the plunderers, All sorts of cunning traps that boys can make-- Propping a stone to fall and shut them in, Or crush them with its weight, or else a springe Swung on a bough. He made them cleverly-- And I, poor foolish woman! I was pleased To see the boy so handy. You may guess What followed Sir from this unlucky skill. He did what he should not when he was older: I warn'd him oft enough; but he was caught In wiring hares at last, and had his choice The prison or the ship. TRAVELLER. The choice at least Was kindly left him, and for broken laws This was methinks no heavy punishment. WOMAN. So I was told Sir. And I tried to think so, But 'twas a sad blow to me! I was used To sleep at nights soundly and undisturb'd-- Now if the wind blew rough, it made me start And think of my poor boy tossing about Upon the roaring seas. And then I seem'd To feel that it was hard to take him from me For such a little fault. But he was wrong Oh very wrong--a murrain on his traps! See what they've brought him too! TRAVELLER. Well! well! take comfort He will be taken care of if he lives; And should you lose your child, this is a country Where the brave sailor never leaves a parent To weep for him in want. WOMAN. Sir I shall want No succour long. In the common course of years I soon must be at rest, and 'tis a comfort When grief is hard upon me to reflect It only leads me to that rest the sooner. [Footnote 1: The stink-pots used on board the French ships. In the engagement between the Mars and L'Hercule, some of our sailors were shockingly mangled by them: One in particular, as described in the Eclogue, lost both his eyes. It would be policy and humanity to employ means of destruction, could they be discovered, powerful enough to destroy fleets and armies, but to use any thing that only inflicts additional torture upon the victims of our war systems, is cruel and wicked.] ECLOGUE V. THE WITCH. NATHANIEL. Father! here father! I have found a horse-shoe! Faith it was just in time, for t'other night I laid two straws across at Margery's door, And afterwards I fear'd that she might do me A mischief for't. There was the Miller's boy Who set his dog at that black cat of hers, I met him upon crutches, and he told me 'Twas all her evil eye. FATHER. 'Tis rare good luck; I would have gladly given a crown for one If t'would have done as well. But where did'st find it? NATHANIEL. Down on the Common; I was going a-field And neighbour Saunders pass'd me on his mare; He had hardly said "good day," before I saw The shoe drop off; 'twas just upon my tongue To call him back,--it makes no difference, does it. Because I know whose 'twas? FATHER. Why no, it can't. The shoe's the same you know, and you 'did find' it. NATHANIEL. That mare of his has got a plaguey road To travel, father, and if he should lame her, For she is but tender-footed,-- FATHER. Aye, indeed-- I should not like to see her limping back Poor beast! but charity begins at home, And Nat, there's our own horse in such a way This morning! NATHANIEL. Why he ha'nt been rid again! Last night I hung a pebble by the manger With a hole thro', and every body says That 'tis a special charm against the hags. FATHER. It could not be a proper natural hole then, Or 'twas not a right pebble,--for I found him Smoking with sweat, quaking in every limb, And panting so! God knows where he had been When we were all asleep, thro' bush and brake Up-hill and down-hill all alike, full stretch At such a deadly rate!-- NATHANIEL. By land and water, Over the sea perhaps!--I have heard tell That 'tis some thousand miles, almost at the end Of the world, where witches go to meet the Devil. They used to ride on broomsticks, and to smear Some ointment over them and then away Out of the window! but 'tis worse than all To worry the poor beasts so. Shame upon it That in a Christian country they should let Such creatures live! FATHER. And when there's such plain proof! I did but threaten her because she robb'd Our hedge, and the next night there came a wind That made me shake to hear it in my bed! How came it that that storm unroofed my barn, And only mine in the parish? look at her And that's enough; she has it in her face-- A pair of large dead eyes, rank in her head, Just like a corpse, and purs'd with wrinkles round, A nose and chin that scarce leave room between For her lean fingers to squeeze in the snuff, And when she speaks! I'd sooner hear a raven Croak at my door! she sits there, nose and knees Smoak-dried and shrivell'd over a starved fire, With that black cat beside her, whose great eyes Shine like old Beelzebub's, and to be sure It must be one of his imps!--aye, nail it hard. NATHANIEL. I wish old Margery heard the hammer go! She'd curse the music. FATHER. Here's the Curate coming, He ought to rid the parish of such vermin; In the old times they used to hunt them out And hang them without mercy, but Lord bless us! The world is grown so wicked! CURATE. Good day Farmer! Nathaniel what art nailing to the threshold? NATHANIEL. A horse-shoe Sir, 'tis good to keep off witchcraft, And we're afraid of Margery. CURATE. Poor old woman! What can you fear from her? FATHER. What can we fear? Who lamed the Miller's boy? who rais'd the wind That blew my old barn's roof down? who d'ye think Rides my poor horse a'nights? who mocks the hounds? But let me catch her at that trick again, And I've a silver bullet ready for her, One that shall lame her, double how she will. NATHANIEL. What makes her sit there moping by herself, With no soul near her but that great black cat? And do but look at her! CURATE. Poor wretch! half blind And crooked with her years, without a child Or friend in her old age, 'tis hard indeed To have her very miseries made her crimes! I met her but last week in that hard frost That made my young limbs ache, and when I ask'd What brought her out in the snow, the poor old woman Told me that she was forced to crawl abroad And pick the hedges, just to keep herself From perishing with cold, because no neighbour Had pity on her age; and then she cried, And said the children pelted her with snow-balls, And wish'd that she were dead. FATHER. I wish she was! She has plagued the parish long enough! CURATE. Shame farmer! Is that the charity your bible teaches? FATHER. My bible does not teach me to love witches. I know what's charity; who pays his tithes And poor-rates readier? CURATE. Who can better do it? You've been a prudent and industrious man, And God has blest your labour. FATHER. Why, thank God Sir, I've had no reason to complain of fortune. CURATE. Complain! why you are wealthy. All the parish Look up to you. FATHER. Perhaps Sir, I could tell Guinea for guinea with the warmest of them. CURATE. You can afford a little to the poor, And then what's better still, you have the heart To give from your abundance. FATHER. God forbid I should want charity! CURATE. Oh! 'tis a comfort To think at last of riches well employ'd! I have been by a death-bed, and know the worth Of a good deed at that most awful hour When riches profit not. Farmer, I'm going To visit Margery. She is sick I hear-- Old, poor, and sick! a miserable lot, And death will be a blessing. You might send her Some little matter, something comfortable, That she may go down easier to the grave And bless you when she dies. FATHER. What! is she going! Well God forgive her then! if she has dealt In the black art. I'll tell my dame of it, And she shall send her something. CURATE. So I'll say; And take my thanks for her's. ['goes'] FATHER. That's a good man That Curate, Nat, of ours, to go and visit The poor in sickness; but he don't believe In witchcraft, and that is not like a christian. NATHANIEL. And so old Margery's dying! FATHER. But you know She may recover; so drive t'other nail in! ECLOGUE VI. THE RUINED COTTAGE. Aye Charles! I knew that this would fix thine eye, This woodbine wreathing round the broken porch, Its leaves just withering, yet one autumn flower Still fresh and fragrant; and yon holly-hock That thro' the creeping weeds and nettles tall Peers taller, and uplifts its column'd stem Bright with the broad rose-blossoms. I have seen Many a fallen convent reverend in decay, And many a time have trod the castle courts And grass-green halls, yet never did they strike Home to the heart such melancholy thoughts As this poor cottage. Look, its little hatch Fleeced with that grey and wintry moss; the roof Part mouldered in, the rest o'ergrown with weeds, House-leek and long thin grass and greener moss; So Nature wars with all the works of man. And, like himself, reduces back to earth His perishable piles. I led thee here Charles, not without design; for this hath been My favourite walk even since I was a boy; And I remember Charles, this ruin here, The neatest comfortable dwelling place! That when I read in those dear books that first Woke in my heart the love of poesy, How with the villagers Erminia dwelt, And Calidore for a fair shepherdess Forgot his quest to learn the shepherd's lore; My fancy drew from, this the little hut Where that poor princess wept her hopeless love, Or where the gentle Calidore at eve Led Pastorella home. There was not then A weed where all these nettles overtop The garden wall; but sweet-briar, scenting sweet The morning air, rosemary and marjoram, All wholesome herbs; and then, that woodbine wreath'd So lavishly around the pillared porch Its fragrant flowers, that when I past this way, After a truant absence hastening home, I could not chuse but pass with slacken'd speed By that delightful fragrance. Sadly changed Is this poor cottage! and its dwellers, Charles!-- Theirs is a simple melancholy tale, There's scarce a village but can fellow it, And yet methinks it will not weary thee, And should not be untold. A widow woman Dwelt with her daughter here; just above want, She lived on some small pittance that sufficed, In better times, the needful calls of life, Not without comfort. I remember her Sitting at evening in that open door way And spinning in the sun; methinks I see her Raising her eyes and dark-rimm'd spectacles To see the passer by, yet ceasing not To twirl her lengthening thread. Or in the garden On some dry summer evening, walking round To view her flowers, and pointing, as she lean'd Upon the ivory handle of her stick, To some carnation whose o'erheavy head Needed support, while with the watering-pot Joanna followed, and refresh'd and trimm'd The drooping plant; Joanna, her dear child, As lovely and as happy then as youth And innocence could make her. Charles! it seems As tho' I were a boy again, and all The mediate years with their vicissitudes A half-forgotten dream. I see the Maid So comely in her Sunday dress! her hair, Her bright brown hair, wreath'd in contracting curls, And then her cheek! it was a red and white That made the delicate hues of art look loathsome, The countrymen who on their way to church Were leaning o'er the bridge, loitering to hear The bell's last summons, and in idleness Watching the stream below, would all look up When she pass'd by. And her old Mother, Charles! When I have beard some erring infidel Speak of our faith as of a gloomy creed, Inspiring fear and boding wretchedness. Her figure has recurr'd; for she did love The sabbath-day, and many a time has cross'd These fields in rain and thro' the winter snows. When I, a graceless boy, wishing myself By the fire-side, have wondered why 'she' came Who might have sate at home. One only care Hung on her aged spirit. For herself, Her path was plain before her, and the close Of her long journey near. But then her child Soon to be left alone in this bad world,-- That was a thought that many a winter night Had kept her sleepless: and when prudent love In something better than a servant's slate Had placed her well at last, it was a pang Like parting life to part with her dear girl. One summer, Charles, when at the holydays Return'd from school, I visited again My old accustomed walks, and found in them. A joy almost like meeting an old friend, I saw the cottage empty, and the weeds Already crowding the neglected flowers. Joanna by a villain's wiles seduced Had played the wanton, and that blow had reach'd Her mother's heart. She did not suffer long, Her age was feeble, and the heavy blow Brought her grey hairs with sorrow to the grave. I pass this ruin'd dwelling oftentimes And think of other days. It wakes in me A transient sadness, but the feelings Charles That ever with these recollections rise, I trust in God they will not pass away. THE END. End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Poems, 1799, by Robert Southey *** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK POEMS, 1799 *** This file should be named 8spm210.txt or 8spm210.zip Corrected EDITIONS of our eBooks get a new NUMBER, 8spm211.txt VERSIONS based on separate sources get new LETTER, 8spm210a.txt Produced by Jonathan Ingram, Clytie Siddall, Charles Franks and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team Project Gutenberg eBooks are often created from several printed editions, all of which are confirmed as Public Domain in the US unless a copyright notice is included. Thus, we usually do not keep eBooks in compliance with any particular paper edition. We are now trying to release all our eBooks one year in advance of the official release dates, leaving time for better editing. Please be encouraged to tell us about any error or corrections, even years after the official publication date. Please note neither this listing nor its contents are final til midnight of the last day of the month of any such announcement. The official release date of all Project Gutenberg eBooks is at Midnight, Central Time, of the last day of the stated month. A preliminary version may often be posted for suggestion, comment and editing by those who wish to do so. Most people start at our Web sites at: http://gutenberg.net or http://promo.net/pg These Web sites include award-winning information about Project Gutenberg, including how to donate, how to help produce our new eBooks, and how to subscribe to our email newsletter (free!). Those of you who want to download any eBook before announcement can get to them as follows, and just download by date. This is also a good way to get them instantly upon announcement, as the indexes our cataloguers produce obviously take a while after an announcement goes out in the Project Gutenberg Newsletter. http://www.ibiblio.org/gutenberg/etext03 or ftp://ftp.ibiblio.org/pub/docs/books/gutenberg/etext03 Or /etext02, 01, 00, 99, 98, 97, 96, 95, 94, 93, 92, 92, 91 or 90 Just search by the first five letters of the filename you want, as it appears in our Newsletters. Information about Project Gutenberg (one page) We produce about two million dollars for each hour we work. The time it takes us, a rather conservative estimate, is fifty hours to get any eBook selected, entered, proofread, edited, copyright searched and analyzed, the copyright letters written, etc. Our projected audience is one hundred million readers. If the value per text is nominally estimated at one dollar then we produce $2 million dollars per hour in 2002 as we release over 100 new text files per month: 1240 more eBooks in 2001 for a total of 4000+ We are already on our way to trying for 2000 more eBooks in 2002 If they reach just 1-2% of the world's population then the total will reach over half a trillion eBooks given away by year's end. The Goal of Project Gutenberg is to Give Away 1 Trillion eBooks! This is ten thousand titles each to one hundred million readers, which is only about 4% of the present number of computer users. Here is the briefest record of our progress (* means estimated): eBooks Year Month 1 1971 July 10 1991 January 100 1994 January 1000 1997 August 1500 1998 October 2000 1999 December 2500 2000 December 3000 2001 November 4000 2001 October/November 6000 2002 December* 9000 2003 November* 10000 2004 January* The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation has been created to secure a future for Project Gutenberg into the next millennium. We need your donations more than ever! As of February, 2002, contributions are being solicited from people and organizations in: Alabama, Alaska, Arkansas, Connecticut, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Hawaii, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maine, Massachusetts, Michigan, Mississippi, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, Nevada, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, North Carolina, Ohio, Oklahoma, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, Vermont, Virginia, Washington, West Virginia, Wisconsin, and Wyoming. We have filed in all 50 states now, but these are the only ones that have responded. As the requirements for other states are met, additions to this list will be made and fund raising will begin in the additional states. Please feel free to ask to check the status of your state. In answer to various questions we have received on this: We are constantly working on finishing the paperwork to legally request donations in all 50 states. If your state is not listed and you would like to know if we have added it since the list you have, just ask. While we cannot solicit donations from people in states where we are not yet registered, we know of no prohibition against accepting donations from donors in these states who approach us with an offer to donate. International donations are accepted, but we don't know ANYTHING about how to make them tax-deductible, or even if they CAN be made deductible, and don't have the staff to handle it even if there are ways. Donations by check or money order may be sent to: Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation PMB 113 1739 University Ave. Oxford, MS 38655-4109 Contact us if you want to arrange for a wire transfer or payment method other than by check or money order. The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation has been approved by the US Internal Revenue Service as a 501(c)(3) organization with EIN [Employee Identification Number] 64-622154. Donations are tax-deductible to the maximum extent permitted by law. As fund-raising requirements for other states are met, additions to this list will be made and fund-raising will begin in the additional states. We need your donations more than ever! You can get up to date donation information online at: http://www.gutenberg.net/donation.html *** If you can't reach Project Gutenberg, you can always email directly to: Michael S. Hart Prof. Hart will answer or forward your message. We would prefer to send you information by email. **The Legal Small Print** (Three Pages) ***START**THE SMALL PRINT!**FOR PUBLIC DOMAIN EBOOKS**START*** Why is this "Small Print!" statement here? You know: lawyers. They tell us you might sue us if there is something wrong with your copy of this eBook, even if you got it for free from someone other than us, and even if what's wrong is not our fault. So, among other things, this "Small Print!" statement disclaims most of our liability to you. It also tells you how you may distribute copies of this eBook if you want to. *BEFORE!* YOU USE OR READ THIS EBOOK By using or reading any part of this PROJECT GUTENBERG-tm eBook, you indicate that you understand, agree to and accept this "Small Print!" statement. If you do not, you can receive a refund of the money (if any) you paid for this eBook by sending a request within 30 days of receiving it to the person you got it from. If you received this eBook on a physical medium (such as a disk), you must return it with your request. ABOUT PROJECT GUTENBERG-TM EBOOKS This PROJECT GUTENBERG-tm eBook, like most PROJECT GUTENBERG-tm eBooks, is a "public domain" work distributed by Professor Michael S. Hart through the Project Gutenberg Association (the "Project"). Among other things, this means that no one owns a United States copyright on or for this work, so the Project (and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without permission and without paying copyright royalties. Special rules, set forth below, apply if you wish to copy and distribute this eBook under the "PROJECT GUTENBERG" trademark. Please do not use the "PROJECT GUTENBERG" trademark to market any commercial products without permission. To create these eBooks, the Project expends considerable efforts to identify, transcribe and proofread public domain works. Despite these efforts, the Project's eBooks and any medium they may be on may contain "Defects". Among other things, Defects may take the form of incomplete, inaccurate or corrupt data, transcription errors, a copyright or other intellectual property infringement, a defective or damaged disk or other eBook medium, a computer virus, or computer codes that damage or cannot be read by your equipment. LIMITED WARRANTY; DISCLAIMER OF DAMAGES But for the "Right of Replacement or Refund" described below, [1] Michael Hart and the Foundation (and any other party you may receive this eBook from as a PROJECT GUTENBERG-tm eBook) disclaims all liability to you for damages, costs and expenses, including legal fees, and [2] YOU HAVE NO REMEDIES FOR NEGLIGENCE OR UNDER STRICT LIABILITY, OR FOR BREACH OF WARRANTY OR CONTRACT, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO INDIRECT, CONSEQUENTIAL, PUNITIVE OR INCIDENTAL DAMAGES, EVEN IF YOU GIVE NOTICE OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES. If you discover a Defect in this eBook within 90 days of receiving it, you can receive a refund of the money (if any) you paid for it by sending an explanatory note within that time to the person you received it from. If you received it on a physical medium, you must return it with your note, and such person may choose to alternatively give you a replacement copy. If you received it electronically, such person may choose to alternatively give you a second opportunity to receive it electronically. THIS EBOOK IS OTHERWISE PROVIDED TO YOU "AS-IS". NO OTHER WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, ARE MADE TO YOU AS TO THE EBOOK OR ANY MEDIUM IT MAY BE ON, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. Some states do not allow disclaimers of implied warranties or the exclusion or limitation of consequential damages, so the above disclaimers and exclusions may not apply to you, and you may have other legal rights. INDEMNITY You will indemnify and hold Michael Hart, the Foundation, and its trustees and agents, and any volunteers associated with the production and distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm texts harmless, from all liability, cost and expense, including legal fees, that arise directly or indirectly from any of the following that you do or cause: [1] distribution of this eBook, [2] alteration, modification, or addition to the eBook, or [3] any Defect. DISTRIBUTION UNDER "PROJECT GUTENBERG-tm" You may distribute copies of this eBook electronically, or by disk, book or any other medium if you either delete this "Small Print!" and all other references to Project Gutenberg, or: [1] Only give exact copies of it. Among other things, this requires that you do not remove, alter or modify the eBook or this "small print!" statement. You may however, if you wish, distribute this eBook in machine readable binary, compressed, mark-up, or proprietary form, including any form resulting from conversion by word processing or hypertext software, but only so long as *EITHER*: [*] The eBook, when displayed, is clearly readable, and does *not* contain characters other than those intended by the author of the work, although tilde (~), asterisk (*) and underline (_) characters may be used to convey punctuation intended by the author, and additional characters may be used to indicate hypertext links; OR [*] The eBook may be readily converted by the reader at no expense into plain ASCII, EBCDIC or equivalent form by the program that displays the eBook (as is the case, for instance, with most word processors); OR [*] You provide, or agree to also provide on request at no additional cost, fee or expense, a copy of the eBook in its original plain ASCII form (or in EBCDIC or other equivalent proprietary form). [2] Honor the eBook refund and replacement provisions of this "Small Print!" statement. [3] Pay a trademark license fee to the Foundation of 20% of the gross profits you derive calculated using the method you already use to calculate your applicable taxes. If you don't derive profits, no royalty is due. Royalties are payable to "Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation" the 60 days following each date you prepare (or were legally required to prepare) your annual (or equivalent periodic) tax return. Please contact us beforehand to let us know your plans and to work out the details. WHAT IF YOU *WANT* TO SEND MONEY EVEN IF YOU DON'T HAVE TO? Project Gutenberg is dedicated to increasing the number of public domain and licensed works that can be freely distributed in machine readable form. The Project gratefully accepts contributions of money, time, public domain materials, or royalty free copyright licenses. Money should be paid to the: "Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation." If you are interested in contributing scanning equipment or software or other items, please contact Michael Hart at: hart@pobox.com [Portions of this eBook's header and trailer may be reprinted only when distributed free of all fees. Copyright (C) 2001, 2002 by Michael S. Hart. Project Gutenberg is a TradeMark and may not be used in any sales of Project Gutenberg eBooks or other materials be they hardware or software or any other related product without express permission.] *END THE SMALL PRINT! FOR PUBLIC DOMAIN EBOOKS*Ver.02/11/02*END*